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Biology Revision Year 2 > ESSAY EXAMPLES > Flashcards

Flashcards in ESSAY EXAMPLES Deck (16)
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1
Q

digestive enzyme

A

Sucrose/ Sucrase - hydrolyses the disaccharide into glucose and fructose
couldn’t form a ESC with lactose

2
Q

Enzymes in DNA

A

DNA polymerase - condensation of nucleotides
DNA Helicase - breaks the H+ bonds in between DNA molecules
- similar to RNA polymerase but again, no ESC

3
Q

Protein toxin

A

bacteria Vibrium Cholerae releases protein toxin that opens chloride channels, altering the WP of the gut and causing diarrhoea and dehydration

4
Q

Transport proteins examples

A

NA+ gated channels - sodium passes into the axon in the formation of an action potential
Glucose channel in liver - glucose passes through for glycogenesis

5
Q

Structural protein example

A

Keratin - flexible, strong, rope like proteins for claws (predation) and hair (camouflage)

6
Q

Proteins for movement

A

actin myosin bridges, sliding filament theory for sarcomere contraction - used for vasoconstriction/ dilation

7
Q

Protein hormone

A

insulin - triggers phosphorylase enzyme for glycogenesis (glucose into glycogen) when blood sugar is too high- hyperglycaemia

8
Q

What happens to non digested biomass?

A

it is egested - and broken down by saprobiotic nutrition

9
Q

How many molecules of ATP are released per glucose in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

38

10
Q

What causes the amount of biomass to decrease at each trophic level?

A

loss of energy through excretion, respiration and movement

11
Q

example of a nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Rhizobium - in the root nodules of leguminous plants

12
Q

How does water enter the xylem at the root?

A

ions pumped in to decrease WP, water moves in by osmosis

13
Q

What is the affect of increased CO2 conc on chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta?

A

pH is reduced
increase frequency of impulses to the cardio acceleratory centre in the medulla of the brain
increase in sympathetic nerve impulse

14
Q

what is one impact of global warming

A

flooding causes increased salination of soil - selection pressure favours xerophytic plants

15
Q

2 examples of external factors that could alter m=base sequence

A

X rays

estrogenic chemicals in food packaging

16
Q

What would be the difference between two dandelion plants - one grown in magnesium rich soil and one in magnesium poor soil?

A

plant in magnesium poor soil would appear less yellow