Ethics

Question 1

The types of Ethical Study, analysis, and application that are necessary for Ethical Policing are?

Answer 1

Ethical Theories
Meta-ethics
Normative Ethics
Applied Ethics

Question 2

Meta-ethics

Answer 2

Attempts to discover reasons for making moral judgements.

Question 3

Normative Ethics

Answer 3

Focuses on the morality of actions

Question 4

Ethical Egoism

Answer 4

The actor promotes the greatest good (consequences) for self. Conflict when everyone pursues self-interests.

Question 5

Utilitarianism

Answer 5

Promotes the greatest good for the greatest number; actions are ethical when good outcomes outweigh bad outcomes.

Question 6

Virtues - Aristotle

Answer 6

Prudence (discretion)
Justice (rightness, integrity)
Courage (strength in face of adversity)
Self-restraint (temperance)

Christians added - faith, hope, Love.

Question 7

Kant and Categorical Imperative

Answer 7

Morally based actions are based on duty alone. Categorical Imperative is that one must treat self and others as a means as well as an end. People cannot be used as a means to a good end. The impact of decisions on others must always be considered.

Question 8

Leader - Centered Theories

Answer 8

Trait
Behavior
Personal - situational
Interaction - Expectation

Question 9

Trait Theory

Answer 9

Earliest approach to study leadership. The theory attempts to ID innate qualities and characteristics possessed by great leaders. Inborn characteristics form ingredients for leadership abilities.

Question 10

Personal - Situational Theory

Answer 10

This theory proposes that a complex combination of intellectual, affective, and action characteristics, as well as specific conditions in the leaders environment, operate to create successful leadership.

Question 11

Interaction - Expectation Theory

Answer 11

Leadership involves the act of initiating a structure that is supported by group members. The structure helps solve mutual problems. Follows feel they will be successful if they follow the leader.

Question 12

Follower - Context Centered Theories

Answer 12

Situational
Contingency
Path-Goal

Question 13

Situational Theory

Answer 13

Different situations demand different styles of leadership.

Question 14

Contingency Theory

Answer 14

Leadership is situational in nature. Try to match the leader to the situation.

Question 15

Path - Goal Theory

Answer 15

The leader’s role is to enhance followers performance and goal achievement through motivation and increasing rewards for achievement of goals.

Question 16

What is a Moral or Ethical Dilemma?

Answer 16

Due Process vs Crime Control
Truth vs Justice
Honesty vs Loyalty
Gedanken Experiements

Question 17

Leader - Follower Interaction Theories

Answer 17

Exchange
Psychodynamic
Transactional
Transformational

Question 18

Leader-Follower Exchange Theory

Answer 18

Early study had two groups; In-group and out-group. In-group followers go beyond what was expected. Out-group followers only met expectation.
Current research focuses on the relationship for leadership development. Communications is critical.

Question 19

Transformational Theory

Answer 19

Leader focuses effort and makes choices based on goals, values, and ideals that the leader determines the goals or organization wants or ought to advance. Looks at potential motive of followers.

Question 20

Transactional Theory

Answer 20

Leaders provide followers with something of value in exchange for performance or support on the part of the follower.

Question 21

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 21

Leaders are more effective if they have insight into the psychological makeup of themselves and their followers. The leader and follower are aware of their own personality characteristics so they understand how and why they respond the way they do to each other.