Evidence and Risk Flashcards
What is the majority of an auditor’s work in determining an audit opinion?
Collection of evidence to support the opinion.
What are two sources of audit evidence and examples of those sources?
Accounting Records - Checks, Invoices, Contracts, Subsidiary ledgers
Other information - Auditor developed, outside source such as confirmations, outside/inside such as bank statement, and client developed.
What is the relationship between Evidence and Detection Risk?
Evidence has an inverse relationship with Detection Risk
The one aspect of Audit Risk an auditor can control through (N)ature (T)iming (E)xtent of audit procedures.
Inherent Risk and Control risk are outside of auditor’s control.
Which aspects of Audit Risk can an auditor control?
Detection Risk which is decreased by gathering evidence.
Which aspects of Audit Risk can an auditor NOT control?
Inherent Risk and Control Risk are outside of an auditor’s control.
What are the primary risks in an audit for a typical for-profit company?
Auditors are there to verify that
Assets & Revenues are not overstated
Expenses & Liabilities are not understated
What is the primary constraint on audit evidence?
Cost vs. Benefit is a primary constraint.
What characteristics should audit evidence have?
Sufficient (quantity)
Appropriate: Relevant & Reliable (Quality)
How does the quality of audit evidence vary depending on who has provided it?
- Best evidence: Observation of activity by auditor or auditor developed
- 2nd Best: Originates from External Parties and is sent directly to auditor (confirmations)
- generated by third party and provided to auditor by the client such as a bank statement.
- Weakest: client developed internally.
Which documents are the most persuasive and credible?
Third party documents are more persuasive and credible than internally-prepared docs (ie. AR confirmations).
What are Audit Procedures (substantive testing)?
ICCORRIIA
Inquiry Confirmation Observation Recalculation Reperformance Inspection of tangible assets Inspection of records Analytical Procedures
ICORRIIA
What are the substantive tests that are most often performed?
Trace (or Vouch) Reconcile Analytical Procedures Confirmations Examine evidence that supports management assertions.
(T.R.A.C.E.)
How is Cash audited?
Assurance Level is High.
Acceptable Detection Risk is Low.
How is Accounts Receivable audited?
If Acceptable DR is High - Negative Confirmation is used - Customer only responds if balance is materially wrong.
If Acceptable DR is Low - Positive Confirmation is used - Customer asked to confirm by telling auditor the balance.
Corresponding Income Statement Account - Revenue
How is Accounts Payable audited?
Review purchase orders/invoices
Confirm with Vendors
Corresponding Income Statement Account - Various Expenses
How is Inventory audited?
Examine purchase agreements
Look at Board Minutes
Is Inventory held as collateral?
Corresponding Income Statement Account - COGS
How are beginning balances audited?
Should match last year’s ending balance.
What is the general presumption for auditing Ending Balances?
If Beginning Balance Additions Subtractions are OK then Ending Balances should also be OK.
How is a Statement of Cash Flows audited?
Foot all balances - Check the Math
Trace Cash Flow items to other Financial Statements
Check classifications - Operating Activities Investing Activities Financing Activities
Under the Indirect Method what must be disclosed on a Statement of Cash Flows?
Interest Paid
Income Taxes Paid
Non-cash Transactions
Cash and Cash Equivalents Definitions
Under the Direct Method what must be disclosed on a Statement of Cash Flows?
Results as if you had used Indirect Method
Non-cash Transactions
Cash and Cash Equivalents Definition