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Flashcards in Ex 1 Part 2 Deck (36)
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1
Q

What is the inability to conceive within 12 moths of attempting to get pregnant?

A

Infertility

2
Q

What is women who have had 2-3 pregnancy losses or who ovulate infrequently or men who have sperm abnormalities?

A

Subfertility

3
Q

In the preconceptual period what is important for the brain an nervous system?

A

Iron, zinc, iodine, puff, vit a, b6, b12, folate, copper, selenium, protein

4
Q

In the preconceptual period what is important for the placental function and structure?

A

Iron, pufa, vit E C, b12, folate, zinc, selineum, copper.

5
Q

In the preconceptual period what is important for inflammation and immune function?

A

Vit A, D, zinc, fattier acid

6
Q

In the preconceptual period what is important for embryogenesis ?

A

Vit A, b6, b12, folate, zinc

7
Q

What will help woman increase fertility?

A

Vitamin D, folic acid, iron, protein, pufa, less caffeine

8
Q

What is important in increasing fertility in males?

A

D, C, calcium, zinc, low glycemic index, less caffeine, protein, soy

9
Q

During pregnancy what happens to blood volume, water soluble components of blood and blood lipids?

A

^ blood volume and blood lipids. Decrease in water sol

10
Q

During pregnancy what happens to HR and cardiac output, BP.

A

Hr and cardiac output increase, Low BP in first half, high in second. Low mg and ac assocaited with higher BP

11
Q

What happens to sodium retention during pregnancy?

A

Increases

12
Q

What happens to glomerular dilation rate during pregnancy?

A

Increase

13
Q

What happens to insulin resistance in pregnancy?

A

It occurs in 3rd tri

14
Q

What happens to protein synthesis and nitrogen excretion?

A

Protein up nitrogen down

15
Q

What happens to fats in pregnancy?

A

Store in first half mobilize in second

16
Q

What happens to metabolism in pregnancy?

A

Fasts longer than 12 hours can greatly increase production of keystone bodies

17
Q

What percentof glucose delivered from maternal civilization is used by placenta?

A

30-40%

18
Q

What are some causes of IUGR? (Intrauterine growth restriction ?

A

Small placenta, infection, hypertension, preeclampsia, malnution, small material size, drugs, young age

19
Q

What increases the risk of miscarriage ( 3 things)

A

Under weight mom, vitamin E and D def, oxidative stress,

20
Q

What nutrient may decrease the likelyhood of preterm delivery ?

A

Folic acid

21
Q

How may more cals a day in the second tri?

A

340

22
Q

How many more cals a day in the 3rd tri?

A

452

23
Q

Protein in first half of pregnancy?

A

0.8 of current weight

24
Q

Protein in second half of preg?

A

1.1

25
Q

What are some important micronutrients during pregnancy?

A

Folate, b12, b6, choline. C,d,a,k.

26
Q

Severe _____deficiency impairs fetal neurodevelopment?

A

Iodine

27
Q

Required for DNA synth and fetal growth?

A

Folate

28
Q

Required for protein metabolism ?

A

B6

29
Q

Required for cell signaling and nerve transmission?

A

Choline

30
Q

How much weight should an underweight mother gain during pregnancy?

A

28-40

31
Q

How much weight should a normal weight mother gain during pregnancy?

A

25-35 pounds

32
Q

How much weight should an over weight person gain during pregnancy?

A

15-25

33
Q

How much weight should an obese mom gain during preg?

A

15-20

34
Q

How much weight should a mom carrying twins gain during preg?

A

35-45 pounds

35
Q

What is the definition of epigenetics ?

A

Stable changes to gene structure without changing DNA sequence

36
Q

What inactivated cortisol during pregnancy?

A

11 B-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase type 2 (11B-HSD2)