EX 3 Neuro - Limbic System and Hypothalamus Flashcards Preview

SP14 Anatomy > EX 3 Neuro - Limbic System and Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Flashcards in EX 3 Neuro - Limbic System and Hypothalamus Deck (35)
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1
Q

This structure evaluates sensory information for familiar/important content

A

hippocampus

2
Q

This is the “rolodex-like” file of the hippocampus which retrieves stored cognitive information

A

concept neuron

3
Q

What is the input to the hippocampus

A

visual
auditory
tactile
multimodal sensory input

4
Q

What is the output from the hippocampus

A

to sensory cortical areas (memory)

to mammilary body (Papez’s circuit, motor response to memory)

5
Q

This structure evaluates sensory signals as to emotional content (facial expressions, surroundings); involved with memory of social events, response of social situations, and anxiety

A

amygdala

6
Q

What is the input to the amygdala

A

primary sensory input
cerebral cortex, especially orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate and insular cortices

7
Q

What is the output from the amygdala

A
hypthalamus and brainstem
autonomic responses
panic with PAG
orbitofrontal cortex; anxiety to consciousness
cingulate and insular cortices
8
Q

What is kluver-bucy syndrome

A

seen following bilateral temporal pole removal

9
Q

What are the symptoms of kluver-bucy

A
compulsive manipulation of objects
insatiable appetite
sexual exhibitionsism
amnesia
loss of aggressive behavior
10
Q

What is the function of the Papez circuit

A

to link the hippocampus to cingulate cortex

11
Q

What is the path of the Papez circuit

A
hippocampal formation
fornix
mammilary body
mammilothalamic tract
anterior nucleus of thalamus
cingulate cortex (selection of motor response)
cingulum
entorhinal cortex (and back again)
12
Q

What will be the effect of damage to the hippocampus

A

inability to remember
“where am I”
“how do I get home”
causes anterograde and retrograde amnesia; failure to make new memories or recall old memories

13
Q

What is the neuroanatomical basis of procedural memory

A

striatum and basal ganglia communicate to process this memory or a certain procedure (tie does, zip a zipper, etc.)

14
Q

What type of amnesia can be induced involving procedural memory

A

expertise-induced amnesia; performing a task so many times that details aren’t vivid/recallable; not remembering if you locked your door before you left

15
Q

What is the neuroanatomical basis of declarative memory

A

hippocampus; retaining and recalling episodic memories, creating new declarative memories (name, fun facts, experiences, etc.)

16
Q

What are grid cells

A

like a map of the environment; visual, auditory, and tactile clues

17
Q

Where are grid cells found

A

entorhinal cortex

adjacent parahippocampal and perirhinal cortex

18
Q

What are place cells

A

give cognitive representation of specific location within a given space; animals place is centered within a restricted environment; monitor action of head direction cells

19
Q

Where are place cells found

A

hippocampus

20
Q

What effect does Alzheimer’s disease have on the hippocampus

A

causes cell loss to hippocampal formation; disconnects input/output paths

21
Q

Stimulation of the amygdala in the human will produce what emotion

A

anxiety or fear; stimulation of only the left amygdala can cause happiness OR anxiety/fear

22
Q

The amygdala is responsible for the storage and recall of what aspect of memory

A

memory of social events

autonomic and somatic responses to social situations

23
Q

Stimulation of the nucleus accumbens will produce what emotion

A

feelings of pleasure and reward due to release of dopamine

24
Q

How is nucleus accumbens involved in addiction

A

high levels of dopamine cause an increase in receptor sites therefore requiring a stronger surge to replicate usual pleasure

25
Q

What is the medial pain system

A

functions in the appreciation and control of subjective aspects of pain

26
Q

What are the components of the medial pain system

A

medial thalamus to cingulate cortex, insular cortex

27
Q

What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in processing pain signals

A

selects autonomic response appropriate to ongoing emotions

28
Q

What is the role of the midcingulate cortex in processing pain signals

A

selects somatic response appropriate to ongoing emotions

29
Q

What is the function go the insular cortex in relation to pain

A

top-down suppression (controls reaction to physical/emotional pain)

30
Q

What are two major coerces of fibers to the hypothalamus

A

input from brainstem, retina, and limbic system (hippocampus and amygdala)

31
Q

“Jet lag” can be reset by action within which hypothalamic nucleus

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus; stimulated by light cycles

32
Q

What are the two hypothalamic nuclei which produce ADH and oxytocin

A

supraoptic nuclei

paraventricular nuclei

33
Q

A lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus will have what effect on appetite

A

voracious appetite

34
Q

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus, the anterior and posterior pituitary, and the adrenal gland

A

forms the HPA axis
controls reactions to stress
regulates digestion, immunity, mood, emotions, energy storage/usafe

35
Q

What neurotransmitter facilitates both uterine contractions during childbirth and milk let-down during nursing

A

oxytocin