Exam 1 Flashcards
Cellulose
Found in the walls of plants, unable to be broken down
Starch
Plants use to use store energy
Straight chained starch
Amylose
Branched chain starch
Amylopectin
Animals energy source
Glycogen
Chitin
Forms cytoskeleton in insects
How polymers are made
Anabolism
How polymers are broken down
Catabolism
Primary structure of a protein
the sequence of amino acids
secondary structure of a protein
refers to the regions of the molecule that are coiled or folded due to the hydrogen bonds between the amino acids
tertiary structure of a protein
refers to the overall shape of the protein due to interactions between the side chains (R groups) of amino acids
Quaternary structure of a protein
When a protein is made up of more than one polypeptide chain - the aggregation of polypeptide chains
Transformation
When a bacterium gets the DNA directly from the environment
Conjugation
When DNA is transfer one way from an F+ to a F-
Transduction
When DNA is transferred through bacteriophage (virus)
Shape of coccus
spherical
bacillus
rod shaped
spirillum
helical
gram positive surface structure
more peptinoglycan in their cell walls but less complex
gram negative surface structre
less peptinoglycan but more complex cell wall with lipoplysaccharides
endotoxins
toxic material that is inside a gram negative and becomes toxic when disintegrated (a part of the cell)
exotoxins
secreted by both gram negative and positive (not a part of cell)
