Exam 1

Question 1

List the steps of scientific method

Answer 1

Ask a question, research, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, conclusion

Question 2

what is the independent variable?

Answer 2

The IV is the variable purposely changed

Question 3

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 3

Changes as of a result of the independent variable

Question 4

Write a testable question about this scenario.

Marcie is trying a new cookie recipe. She wants to see if the amount of baking powder she uses will make the cookies rise more. She makes three batches of cookies and changes the amount of baking powder for each batch.

Answer 4

How much will the cookie rise if more baking powder is added?

Question 5

Write a hypothesis for this scenario.
If…
Then…
Marcie is trying a new cookie recipe. She wants to see if the amount of baking powder she uses will make the cookies rise more. She makes three batches of cookies and changes the amount of baking powder for each batch.

Answer 5

If more baking powder is added,
Then the cookie will rise more because,
I increased the amount.

Question 6

What are the different earths spheres?

Answer 6

Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, biosphere, giosphere

Question 7

Write 2 spheres that are interacting for this scenario.
- A tree is blown down by wind

Answer 7

Atmo and Bio

Question 8

Write 2 spheres that are interacting for this scenario.
- A person gets caught in the rain

Answer 8

Bio and Hydro

Question 9

Write 2 spheres that are interacting for this scenario.
- Hail damges a sugarcane crop

Answer 9

Hydro and Bio

Question 10

Write 2 spheres that are interacting for this scenario.
- Air next to the ground becomes warm

Answer 10

Atmo and Geo

Question 11

Write 2 spheres that are interacting for this scenario.
- Water vapor condenses

Answer 11

Hydro and Atmo

Question 12

What rock are you likely to find near the mouth of a river? Explain.

Answer 12

Sedimentary rocks because thats where sediments get deposited

Question 13

What type of rock will you find near a volcano? Explain.

Answer 13

Igneous - Extrusive and Intrusive form from magma and lava

Question 14

What type of rock will you likely to find a fossil in? Explain.

Answer 14

Sedimentary rock is pressed together around sediments to form fossils

Question 15

If you found a rock with obvious layers, what kind of rock would you have? Explain.

Answer 15

Sedimentary because it is formed over time by being pressed together

Question 16

If I found a rock whose minerals reminded me of salt and pepper, what type of rock would I have? Explain

Answer 16

Granite, when formed it seems to appear as if it is speckled in black and white

Question 17

Explain why oil is not a mineral.

Answer 17

Oil is a liquid not a solid

Question 18

What is the hardest mineral?

Answer 18

Diamond

Question 19

What is the softest mineral?

Answer 19

Talc

Question 20

Explain why color is not an effective way to identify a mineral.

Answer 20

Minerals may be the same in color

Question 21

Besides color, what are two other ways we can identify a mineral?

Answer 21

Hardness & Streak

Question 22

Explain the two ways that minerals form.

Answer 22

Heat and Pressure, Water erosion

Question 23

A fossil is ____?
A) any dead organism
B) the preserved remains or traces of an organism
C) A perfect copy of a rock
D) an unusual type of rock

Answer 23

B. the preserved remains or traces of an organism

Question 24

How do most fossils form?
A) living things die and their remains are buried by sediments
B) the hard parts of an organisms dry out in the air
C) the soft parts of an organism change to stone
D) freezing preserves the remains of an organism

Answer 24

A. living things die and their remains are buried by sediments

Question 25

A fossil formed when minerals replace all or part of an organism is called a __? A) mold B) petrified fossil C) cast D) trace fossil

Answer 25

B. petrified fossil

Question 26

___ can provide clues about the activities of ancient organisms? A) trace fossils B) remains preserved in amber C) carbon films D) molds and casts

Answer 26

A. trace fossils

Question 27

The process by which all the different kinds of livings things have changed over long periods of time is called ___? A) sedimentation B) replacement C) deposition D) evolution

Answer 27

D. evolution

Question 28

A type of organism that no longer exists on Earth is said to be ___? A) fossilized B) sedimentary C) extinct D) petrified

Answer 28

C. extinct

Question 29

The relative age of a rock is ___? A) its age compared to the ages of other rocks B) less than the age of fossils the rock contains C) the number of years since the rock formed D) its age based on how much caarbon-14 the rock contains

Answer 29

A. its age compared to the ages of other rocks

Question 30

The law of superposition states that, in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is ___? A) younger than the layer above it and older than the layer below it B) neither older nor younger than the other layers C) older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it D) always older than any vertical layers

Answer 30

C. older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it

Question 31

The fossils of organisms that were widely distributed but only lived during a short period of time are called ___? A) trace fossils B) petrified fossils C) index fossils D) carbon fill fossils

Answer 31

C. Index fossils

Question 31

Geologists obtain indirect evidence about earth interior by ___? A) measuring pressure different at earths surface B) directly looking under the many layers C) recording and studying seismic waves

Answer 31

C. recording and studying seismic waves

Question 31

What is the correct orde (startiing from the surface) of earths layers) A) mantle, outer core, inner core, crust B) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core C) outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

Answer 31

B. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 31

Earths inner core is A) a dense ball of solid metal B) a layer of molten metal C) a layer of hot rock

Answer 31

B. a layer of molten metal

Question 32

Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by ___? A) convection currents B) radiation C) conduction

Answer 32

A. convection currents

Question 33

According to Wegeners hypothesis of continental drift, ___. A) Earths surface is made up of seven major landmasses B) the continents do not move C) the continents were once joined together in a single landmass

Answer 33

C. the continents were once joined together in a single landmass

Question 34

What is Pangea? A) the name of German scientist B) the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago C) another name for continental drift

Answer 34

b. the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago

Question 35

Never heat ___ in a closed container? A) water B) chemicals C) ice D) salt

Answer 35

b. chemicals

Question 36

WHo is going to clean up the lab after experiments? A) you B) teacher C) janitor D) your friends

Answer 36

A. you

Question 37

Never use a blade cutting ___ you or others. A) away from B) toward C) near D) next to

Answer 37

b. toward

Question 38

Never smell ___ in a test tube? A) flames B) food C) fumes

Answer 38

C. fumes

Question 39

___ an open flame can cause your clothing to ignite. A) reaching over B) blowing C) spraying

Answer 39

A. reaching over

Question 40

Never begin any lab activity until you have....?

Answer 40

Read all the instructions

Question 41

What is the correct procedure for smelling a chemical?

Answer 41

Waft it

Question 42

List 2 things you should do to clean your work area.

Answer 42

Disinfect work surfaces, discard trash