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Peds > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When to prepare medication (injection, etc) for toddler

A

right before procedure

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2
Q

When to prepare medication (injection, etc) for school-aged child

A

a few days in advance

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3
Q

When to prepare medication (injection, etc) for preschool aged child

A

1 hour before procedure

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4
Q

When to prepare medication (injection, etc) for adolescent

A

up to 1 week prior to procedure

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5
Q

what position should newborn be in when giving oral meds

A

semi-reclining

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6
Q

what position should toddler be in when giving oral meds?

A

sitting upright

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7
Q

absorption of rectal medications is directly related to what?

A

the time the medication is in the rectum

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8
Q

If need to cut rectal med in half,

A

cut it length-wise

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9
Q

What position should child be if giving a rectal medication?

A

left lateral position
OR
knee to chest position

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10
Q

Insert suppository:

  • Adult?
  • Child?
  • Infant?
A

Adult - 10 cm (4 in)
Child - 7.6 cm (3 in)
Infant - 5 cm (2 in)

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11
Q

If child closes eye tightly when giving eye medication,

A

instill drops into nasal corner of the closed eye.

*If applying more than 1 type of eye drop, wait 5 min between drops to prevent one from washing other out.

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12
Q

Best time to give eye meds?

A

before nap (slide 24 review)

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13
Q

Most important thing to do when giving eye meds?

A

gently massage conjunctival sac (corner of eye) for 1 minute to make sure that it only goes into eye and doesn’t become systemic.

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14
Q

How should child be sitting for eye meds?

A

supine or sitting and looking up

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15
Q

How should child be sitting for otic meds?

A

upright or supine with head turned with affected ear up

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16
Q

How to give ear meds for child older than 3 years old?

A

pull pinna upward and back

OPUB

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17
Q

How to give ear meds for child younger than 3 years old?

A

pull earlobe down and back

YEDB

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18
Q

SubQ meds: what size syringe and needle

A

1 mL syringe with 26-30 gauge needle

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19
Q

SubQ meds: what angle to give shot?

A

90 degrees (or 45 degrees for very thin child)

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20
Q

Appropriate sites to give subQ meds:

A
  • anterior thighs
  • lateral upper arms
  • area around belly button
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21
Q

What should volume be for subQ meds?

A

less than 0.5 mL

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22
Q

What size needle should be used for IM meds?

A

22-25 gauge, 1/2 - 1 in needle

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23
Q

What is muscle of choice when giving children IM injection?

A

vastus lateralis

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24
Q

Positions child should be in for IM in vastus lateralis?
How much can infants receive in this muscle?
And children?

A

supine, side-lying, or sitting
Infants can receive up to 0.5 mL
Children can receive up to 2 mL

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25
Q

How much IM med can be given to a child in the deltoid?

A

up to 1 mL

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26
Q

Nasal DROPS should be held where in relation to nose?

A

1/2 inch above nares

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27
Q

child should keep head tilted for how long after receiving nasal DROPS

A

3-5 min

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28
Q

What position should child be in for nasal SPRAY?

A

semi-fowlers

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29
Q

What should child do after receiving nasal spray?

A

hold breath for a few seconds then exhale through the mouth

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30
Q

What size catheters for IV fluids?

A

24 to 20 gauge

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31
Q

where would access be for long term IV fluids?

A

central venous access

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32
Q

How many hours of feeds (NG/GT/JT) should be at a time?

A

4 hrs of feeds at a time

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33
Q

How often should placement of NG/GT/JT and/or residual be checked?

A

every 4 hours

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34
Q

When do children see biggest growth spurt?

A

infancy and adolescence

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35
Q

how do children grow?

A

cephalocaudal (head to toe)

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36
Q

Infancy (birth - 12 months) is what stage?

A

trust vs mistrust

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37
Q

Infancy is a period of rapid growth, what happens during this time period?

A

Gain 5-7 ounces per week

By 6 months, double birthweight
By 12 months, triple birthweight and have 6-8 teeth

Height increases by 1 inch per month for 6 months.

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38
Q

Organ systems that are still maturing within first year?

A 
Neurologic
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Gastrointestinal
Genitourinary
Integumentary
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39
Q

when does head lag greatly improve in an infant?

A

2-3 months

40
Q

when can infant begin to roll around and look at things?

A

4 months

41
Q

When can infant usually tripod sit?

A

6 months

42
Q

When can infant sit unsupported?

A

8 months

43
Q

When does an infant typically begin to crawl?

A

9 months

44
Q

What age does infant start pulling to stand?

A

10 month

45
Q

At what age do infants start trying to walk independently?

A

12 months

46
Q

What age can infant sit alone but still needs support from hands

A

7 months

47
Q

Reflex

Trigger: Loud noise (even baby’s own cry!), sudden movement, or sensation of falling

Response: Baby cries and extends legs, arms, and fingers, arches back, then retracts arms and legs

A

Moro Reflex

48
Q

Reflex:

Trigger: A gentle stroke on the newborn’s cheek

Response: Baby turns toward the touch, with mouth open

A

Root Reflex

49
Q

Trigger: Something, such as a nipple (breast or bottle) or parent’s finger, touching roof of baby’s mouth

Response: Baby sucks on object

A

Suck Reflex

50
Q

place finger palm or foot and they will try and grasp that

A

Plantar/Palmar Grasp Reflex

51
Q

hold baby up and they pretend like they are going to stand and walk – should go away by 4 weeks

A

Step Reflex

52
Q

Trigger: A gentle stroke on the sole of the foot (from heel to toe)
Response: Foot turns in and toes flare up

–Doesn’t leave until 8mos-1 year

A

Babinski Reflex

53
Q

Fine motor skills at 1 month

A

fists are mostly clenched and near face

54
Q

Fine motor skills at 3 months

A

fists open up some but are still mainly by face

55
Q

Fine motor skills at at 4 months

A

begin to bat at things

56
Q

Fine motor skills at 5 months

A

begin to grasp things like a rattle (because they really want to)

57
Q

Fine motor skills at 6-7 months

A

begin to transfer things from 1 hand to the other

58
Q

Fine motor skills at 8 months

A

Gross Pincer Grasp (raking at cheerios)

59
Q

Fine motor skills at 10 months

A

Fine Pincer Grasp (picking cheerios up 1 by 1); puts objects into container and takes them out

60
Q

Fine motor skills at 12 months

A

Feeds self with cup and spoon
simple marks on paper
pokes with index finger

61
Q

Language at 1-3 months:

A

cooing, crying

62
Q

Language at 4-5 months:

A

simple vowel sounds, laughs, raspberries

*responds to name

63
Q

Language at 4-7 months:

A

squealing and yelling

Mama and Dada without meaning

64
Q

Language at 9-12 months:

A

Mama and Dada with meaning

3-5 words

65
Q

At what age do babies start to know who parents are?

A

2 months

66
Q

At what age do babies begin to enjoy games like peek-a-boo?

A

6-8 months

67
Q

When does stranger anxiety develop?

A

8 months

68
Q

______ is referred to as the “how” of behavior – can start to tell if baby will be laid back, etc.

A

Temperament

69
Q

What ages are considered to be toddlers?

A

12 -36 months (1-3 years)

70
Q

Toddler Growth facts:

A

gains 4-6 lbs/year
birth weight is quadrupled by 2 1/2 years old
Height increases about 3 inches per year

71
Q

When does anterior fontanel close?

A

12-18 months**

72
Q

When do sphincter controls for bladder or bowel develop? (important for anticipatory guidance for parents)

A

18-24 months

73
Q

Toddlers stage of Erikson’s development

*

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
(*This is when time out starts)
- punishment vs reward
- egocentric

74
Q

At what age does gender identity begin?

A

3 years old

75
Q

Toddler Gross Motor Skills: at 12-15 months

A

walks independently

76
Q

Toddler Gross Motor Skills at 18 months

A

pulls toys while walking

77
Q

Toddler Gross Motor Skills at 24 months

A

carries toys while walking, stand on tip toe, kick ball, run

78
Q

Toddler Gross Motor Skills at 36 months

A

climbs well, pedals tricycle, bends over easily without falling, climbs stairs with alternate feet.

79
Q

At what age can a child ride a tricycle? (NCLEX question)

A

3 years old.

80
Q

Toddler fine motor skills at 12-15 months

A

feeds self finger foods, uses a cup

81
Q

Toddler fine motor skills at 18 months

A

masters reaching, grasping, releasing
removes shoes and socks
turns pages of book

82
Q

Toddler fine motor skills at 24 months

A

builds tower of 6-7 cubes

right or left handed

83
Q

Toddler fine motor skills at 36 months

A

undresses self
copies circle, square, etc
holds pencil in writing position

84
Q

When may separation anxiety reemerge?

A

between 18 - 24 months

85
Q

Preschooler ages:

A

3-6 years

86
Q

Erikson’s Stage for Preschoolers:

A

Initiative vs Guilt

87
Q

At what age/stage do children begin to regress if they get sick?

A

Preschooler age (3-6 years)

88
Q

At what age can a child draw a person with 2 to 4 parts?

A

4 years old

89
Q

at 5 years old, children can draw a person with how many body parts?

A

at least 6

90
Q

At what age is 75% of speech understood by others outside of family?

A

4 years old

91
Q

At 5 years of age, child’s language includes

A
  • talking about past, future, and imaginary events
  • count to 10
  • say name and address
92
Q

At what stage do chlildren believe that if they or family members/friends are sick, it is completely their fault?

A

Preschooler age (3-6 years)

93
Q

School age children (6-12 year olds) height and weight increases by what?

A

height: 2 in/ year
Weight: 2-4 kg/year

94
Q

School age children Erikson stage

A

Industry vs Inferiority

95
Q

When does average teen girl go through puberty?

A

9-12 years old

96
Q

What age should you measure weight and head circumference until

A

36 months

Peds (3 decks)

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