exam 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
above 36 degrees latitude…
more shortwave radiation is lost than received
at 36 degrees latitude or below…
more shortwave radiation is received than lost
albedo of…
water (sun overhead)
3 - 5%
albedo of…
forested areas
5 - 10%
albedo of…
wet earth
10%
albedo of…
dry earth
15 - 25%
albedo of…
green grass
20 - 25%
albedo of…
sand surface
20 - 30%
albedo of…
thin clouds
25 - 50%
albedo of…
old snow
50 - 60%
albedo of…
water (low sun angle)
50 - 80%
albedo of…
thick clouds
70 - 80%
albedo of…
fresh snow
85%
Latent Heat is released during…
1) Condensation
2) Deposition (vapor to ice)
3) Freezing
Latent Heat is absorbed during….
1) Melting
2) Evaporation
3) Sublimation (ice to vapor)
of 100% of incoming solar radiation…
how much is reflected from surface?
4%
of 100% of incoming solar radiation…
how much is scattered from atmosphere?
6%
of 100% of incoming solar radiation…
how much is scattered and reflected by clouds?
20%
of 100% of incoming solar radiation…
how much is absorbed by atmosphere and clouds?
19%
of 100% of incoming solar radiation…
how much is absorbed by the earth?
51%
permanent gases and their percentages
Permanent Gases (98% volume)
Nitrogen (N) - 78.07%
Oxygen (O) - 20.95%
Argon (A) - .93%
Neon (Ne) - .001%
Stanley Gedzelman’s (CCNY) Seven Causes of Weather
- Sun’s heating varies over Earth and with Seasons
- Difference in air temperatures over Earth causes winds
- Rotation of Earth destroys wind patterns … twisting the wind, produces spirals … high / low pressure
- Since less moisture can coexist in colder air, precipitation is generally caused by cooling the air
* ** Pressure in the atmosphere ALWAYS decreases with height *** - The process of decreasing air pressure … temperatures drop
- The process of increasing air pressure … temperature rise
- Clouds / precipitation are caused by rising air (lows) clear skies are caused by sinking air (highs)
isotach
lines of equal Wind speed
isodrosotherm
lines of equal dew point temperature
