Exam 1 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
coagulative necrosis with impaired bloodflow and bacterial invasion
A
Gangrene
2
Q
enzyme dissolve and liquefy necrotic cells
A
liquefaction necrosis
3
Q
necrotic debris remain
A
caseous necrosis
4
Q
lipase enzyme break down intracellular triglyceride to fat
A
fat necrosis
5
Q
interruption of blood flow
A
coagulative necrosis
6
Q
dry brown/black skin with minimal bacterial infection
A
dry gangrene
7
Q
with liquefaction necrosis dmg from bacteria and white blood cell produce wound
A
wet gangrene
8
Q
presence of Clostridium
A
gas gangrene
9
Q
tumor, cell growth not responding to normal regulator process.
A
neoplasm
10
Q
uncontrolled growth
A
cancer
11
Q
loss of differentiation occurring with cancer
A
anaplasia
12
Q
less anaplastic tumor cells producing rapidly but cause fewer problems
A
benign
13
Q
spread
A
metastasize
14
Q
anaplastic, nonfunctioning cells reproducing rapidly
A
malignant
15
Q
eradicate disease
treat or increase comfort
prevent disease
A
curative
palliative
prophylactic
16
Q
likelihood of surviving cancer
A
prognosis
17
Q
cancer responded to treatment and is under control
A
remission
18
Q
study of heredity
A
genetics
19
Q
birth defects
A
congenital defects
20
Q
cellular instruction and information carried in
A
genes
21
Q
template of protein synthesis
A
DNA
22
Q
double stranded chain of nucleotide
A
chromosome
23
Q
22 set paired chromosomes
A
autosomes
24
Q
representation of individual chromosome
A
karyotype
25
physical expression of gene
phenotype
26
absence of diploid (normal chromosome)
| most common is down's syndrome
autosomal aneuploid
27
single gene mutation passed from affected parent to offspring
autosomal dominant
28
gene that has many variation
allele
29
single gene mutation passed from affect parent to offspring only in homozygous allele pair
autosomal recessive
30
euploid cell has more than diploid number of chromosome
polypoidy
31
3 chromosome XXY
testicle fail to mature
gyno
sexual dysfunction
klinefelter's syndrome
32
only one XY chromosome due to deletion of part or al of chromosome
short
lymphedema of hand and feet
turner's syndrome
33
percentage of individual with genotype and also express phenotype
penetrance
34
extent of variation in phenotype associated with genotype
expression
35
deficiency of enzyme phenylalanine for conversion to tyrosine due to mutation on chromosome 12
failure to meet milestone
microcephaly
seizure
hyperactive
PKU
36
deficiency of hexosaminidase, lysosomal enzyme necessary to metabolize lipids and destroy nerve cells
vision, hearing, loss
paralysis
seizures
taysach's
37
neurogenic tumor from schwann cells
Type 1: raised lumps
type 2: tumor cause hearing loss
neurofibromatosis
38
gene located on x (sex) chromosome
single recessive copy effect male
2 required for female
sex linked
39
x-linked dominant disorder, failure to express protein for neural development
intellectual, learning disability
prominant jaw and forhead
fragile x syndrome
40
3 copies of chromosome 21
delayed puberty, intellectual disability
distinctive facial features
down's syndrome
41
tidal volume increase, decrease then apnea due to slowed bloodflow
cheyne stokes
42
deep rapid breathes due to acidosis
kussmaul respiration
43
reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
hypoxemia
44
reduced blood flow to tissues
ischemia
45
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen reaching cell
46
lack of oxygen in body tissue
anoxia
47
cell death through swelling
necrosis
48
c02 removal doesnt keep up with c02 production, causes hypercapnea, respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
49
losing too much c02, hypocapnea, respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
50
chronic pulmonary disease produce intermittent reversible airway obstruction
asthma
51
group of irreversible chronic respiratory disorder
COPD
52
obstructive respiratory disorder not caused by infection and symptoms last longer, cigarette smoking
chronic bronchitis
53
destruction of alveolar walls, permanently inflated alveoli
emphysema
54
inherited respiratory disorder, dysplasia of cells of saliva, mucus, sweat
cystic fibrosis
55
excess fluid in pleural cavity,
chest pain, dyspnea, dimished lung sounds
pleural effusion
56
air in pleural cavity
sudden chest pain, chest tightness, dyspnea, asymmetrical chest movement
pneumothorax
57
sudden failure of respiratory system due to fluid accumulation in alveoli.
Acute respiratory destress syndrome
58
incomplete alveolar expansion, alveolar walls stick together
surfectant deficient, lung compression, increased surface tenion
atelectasis
59
abnormal concentration of serum lipoprotein
Bp change, skin change
dyslipidemia
60
intra-arterial fat and fibrin harden over time
athlerosclerosis
61
consistent elevation of systemic blood pressure
increase vascular volume (low sodium)
increase vessel tension
hypertension
62
sudden higher BP than primary HTN
caused by underlying disease or medication
secondary hypertension
63
dilation or outpouching of of vessel wall or cardiac chamber
aneurism
64
poor arterial perfusion to extremities
delayed capillary refill time
Peripheral Arterial Disease
65
valvular incompetence, blood leaks backwards
vericose veins, inactivity, obesity, age
Venous insufficiency
66
swollen visible veins
heaviness in leg or cramping
vericose veins
67
blood clot consist of platelets, fibrin, erythrocyte leukocyte
thrombus
68
portion or all of thrombus breaks loose and travels through the circulatory system embedded in vessel
embolus
69
swelling usually in arms and legs due to lymph obstruction
lymphedema
70
death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow, irreversible dmg due to anoxia
MI
71
oxygen content of coronary blood too low for metabolic demands
stable angina- chest pain
unstable angina- chest pain not relieved
silent ischemia- asymptomatic ischemia
pain
myocardial ischemia
72
sudden coronary death
not always seen on EKG never on angio
vasospasm
73
remodeling of heart due to myocardial and humoral response due to ischemic heart and hypertension
heart weak and ineffective as pump
dilated- vent stretch, poor contraction
hypertrophic- thick muscle not alot of blood
restrictive- ventricle rigid
cardiomyopathy
74
valve opening constricted and narrow, difficult for blood to flow forward, increase workload on ventricle
valvular stenosis
75
valve fails to shut so blood flows in and out
valvular regurgitation
76
impedes blood flow, backup to lungs and decrease cardiac output
aortic stenosis
77
impair blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle,
mitral stenosis
78
inadequate cardiac output to maintain adequate perfusion of tissue in body with 02 and nutrients.
heart failure
79
signs of dyspnea
flaring nostril, retraction of intercostal
80
congestion tends to cause dyspnea when lying down , pressure on diaphragm, decrease efficiency of respiratory muscle
orthopnea
81
bluish discoloration of skin
cyanosis
82
enlargement of fingers and toes
clubbing
83
inadequate gas exchange o2 low or c02 high
respiratory failure general
84
excess water in lung
pulmonary edema
85
fluid or food that got into lungs, can lead to pneumonia
aspiration
86
fractures causing instability of chest walls, impairs gas exchange
flair chest
87
large erythrocytes in volume and thickness
macrocytic anemia
88
intrinsic factor gone, red beefy tongue, deficit B12
pernicious anemia
89
folic acid required for DNA and RNA
Folate deficiency
90
iron not recycled problems with lose or increased needs
microcytic anemia
91
insufficient erythrocytes, post hemorrhage or sickel cells
normochromic anemia
92
too few platelets, risk for bleeding out
thrombocytopenia
93
ability to promote coagulation, Vit K deficit or liver disease
impaired hemostasis
94
increase blood volume and viscosity
myeloproliferative red cell disorder
95
clot attached to vessel wall
thromboembolic disorder
96
clotting in the vein, more common than arterial.
deep vein thrombosis
97
excessive erythrocyte production
purpura and petechiae
polycethemia vera
98
inflammed blood vessels that become clotted
buegers
