Exam 1 CH 1-4

Question 1

Most intraplate volcanic activity occurs where___

Answer 1

hot mantle plumes rise toward the surface within a plate

Question 2

Which mineral is easily soluble in water at room temperature conditions?

Answer 2

halite

Question 3

If the feature labeled F in Figure 10-2 was exposed to erosion and reached over 100 square kilometers in area, it would be classified as a ____

Answer 3

batholith

Question 4

The resistance of a mineral to being scratched is called ____

Answer 4

hardness

Question 5

The igneous rock texture that is characterized by two distinctly different crystal sizes is called ____

Answer 5

porphyritic texture

Question 6

What volcanic feature is illustrated at A in Figure 10-2?

Answer 6

continental volcanic arc

Question 7

Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?

Answer 7

magma with high silica, high viscosity, and higher gas content

Question 8

Which the following denotes the positively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus?

Answer 8

protons

Question 9

What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature?

Answer 9

diamond

Question 10

Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?

Answer 10

color

Question 11

The ion at the center of a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by ____________.

Answer 11

four oxygen ions

Question 12

Mohs scale is used to determine what property of minerals?

Answer 12

hardness

Question 13

What is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition?

Answer 13

a mineral

Question 14

True or False:

Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ____.

Answer 15

glassy texture

Question 16

Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiet?

Answer 16

all of the above

Question 17

The process of mineral formation from magma is called ____.

Answer 17

crystallization

Question 18

A caldera is a ____.

Answer 18

large depression in a volcano

Question 19

What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?

Answer 19

water vapor

Question 20

Minerals with the silicon-oxygen structure, shown in Figure 2-1, are classified into what group?

Answer 20

silicates

Question 21

Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?

Answer 21

micas

Question 22

As the temperature of lava increases, ____.

Answer 22

its viscosity decreases

Question 23

Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called __________.

Answer 23

ions

Question 24

As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form ____.

Answer 24

decreases

Question 25

What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments?

Answer 25

cinder cone

Question 26

The most violent volcanic eruptions are associated with what type of volcano?

Answer 26

composite cones

Question 27

The most common mineral group in Earth’s crust is the ____.

Answer 27

silicates

Question 28

Magma forms when solid rock in the crust and upper mantle ____.

Answer 28

melts

Question 29

Which of the following factors affects the melting point of rock?

Answer 29

all of the above

Question 30

Which of the following minerals will fizz in contact with hydrochloric acid?

Answer 30

calcite

Question 31

A lava flow with a surface of rough, jagged blocks and sharp, angular projections is called a(n) ____.

Answer 31

aa flow

Question 32

What determines the properties of a mineral?

Answer 32

composition and structure

Question 33

Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ____.

Answer 33

Ring of Fire

Question 34

The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called ____.

Answer 34

streak

Question 35

Crater Lake in Oregon was produced when ____.

Answer 35

the summit of a volcano collapsed

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a rock?

Answer 36

lava

Question 37

The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called ____

Answer 37

cleavage

Question 38

The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.

Answer 38

The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.

Question 39

When two or more elements bond together in definite proportions, they form a(n) ____.

Answer 39

compounds

Question 40

What feature is labeled D in Figure 10-1?

Answer 40

crater

Question 41

The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are ____.

Answer 41

Shield volcanoes