Flashcards in Exam 1 (Ch 1-6) Deck (53):
1
The basic property of all music
Sound
2
HIP (human intention and perception approach) emphasizes,
inclusiveness over exclusiveness, and that is music is inseparable from the people who make it and experience it
3
the term "music"
is inescapably ethnocentric to some degree and is inescapably tied to Western culture and its assumptions
4
Qur'anic recitation:
is not music from orthodox Muslim perspectives, but does exhibit qualities (e.g., melodic, rhythmic) that make it sound musical to non-Muslims
5
The best way to figure out if something is or is not music is to:
determine whether there are people who intended it to be music or who perceive it as music
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a group of persons regarded as forming a single community of related interdependent individuals
society
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when royal churches support musicians or musical institutions
patraonage
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people who share a sense of homeland but do not have any political autonomy over that homeland
nation-state
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special events during which individuals or communities enact their core beliefs, values, and ideals through performance
rituals
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a people defined by shared identification with a "homeland" where they themselves do not reside
diaspora
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Ehtnomusicologists are interested in understanding music as:
a musicultural phenomenon
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the process by which music moves from one person or community to another
transmission
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to compose in the moment of performance
improvisation
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planning the design of a musical work prior to its performance
composititon
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The complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
culture
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draws on musicology, anthropology, and other disciplines in order to study the worlds musics
ehthnomusicology
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rhythm is closely related to
duration
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the underlying pulse of music
beat
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defined by the number of beats per measure
meter
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when meters are longer and more complex, we use the term:
metric cycle
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the rate at which beats pass in music
tempo
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When music is nonmetric it is called:
free rhythym
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The process of creative transformation whose most remarkable feature is the continuity it nurtures and sustains
tradition
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the ways in which people think about and represent themselves and one another through music
identity
25
pitch
the highness and lowness of musical tones, related to frequency
26
soundwaves
vibrations that result in musical sound
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melodic range
the distance in pitch from the lowest to the highest note
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melodic direction
the upward/downward movement of the melody as it progresses
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melodic contour
overall shape of the melody
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chromatic scale
all 12 pitches in order
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determinate pitch
instruments that can be identified with pitch names
ex: violin, piano, trumpet, flute, xylophone
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indeterminate pitch
instruments that have no clear pitch
ex: cymbals, triangles, drums
33
uses 4 original (now 5) categories to classify instruments
Hornbostel-Sachs system (1914)
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String is producing the sound, vibrating over a resonating chamber
ex: Violin, sitar
Chordophones
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produces sound by air passing through some kind of resonator
ex: flutes, organs, human voice
Aerophones
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where vibration of membrane stretched across a frame resonator produces the sound
ex: drums, kazoo
Membranophones
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instruments where the vibration of the body produces the sound
ex: maracas, thumb piano, glass armonica (ben franklin thing)
Idiophones
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pure electronic instruments, must be categorized as sound generators and sound modifiers
ex: synthesizer
Hybrids: electric guitars, etc
electronophones
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texture
describes the kinds of relationships that emerge and evolve between characters
40
form
the element of music that pertains to large scale dimensions of music organizations
41
single line texture
the simplest, aka monophonic textures. One layer. Multiple people could be playing but it would have to be the same pitches and rhythms one sound
42
polyphonic texture
two or more distinct parts
43
drone
accompanying a melody is a common and simple type of polyphonic texture
44
harmonized texture
when notes of different pitches occur together to form chords or harmonies
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multiple melody texture
occurs in polyphonic music that features two or more essentially separate melodic lines being performed simultaneously
46
polyrythym
several layers, different rhythms (no melodies involved), often just percussion instruments
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when musical melodies and rhythmic lines are stacked upon each other, a single melody may be divided by two or more instruments
interlocking parts
48
how music is laid out from beginning to end, how the music unfolds and develops as it progresses
form
49
when there is no repetition and the music has a lack of distinction
through composed
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element of repetiton
hook
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when the repetition slightly changes
varied repetition
52
a short figure repeated multiple times. the smallest form of organization for music
ostinato
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