Exam 1/ch.5 Flashcards
classifications of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
monosaccharides
simple/single sugars (glucose, fructose, and galactose)
disaccharides
simple/double sugars (maltose, sucrose, lactose)
polysaccharides
many glucose molecules linked together (starch, glycogen, fibers)
function of carbohydrate
provide energy for the body
fiber types / function
dietary (naturally found in food) and function fiber (added to foods)
insoluble fibers (structural part of plant cell)
soluble fibers (found inside and around plant cells)
maintains bowel health by softening stool
dietary recommendations of carbs
RDA is 130 grams per day
45%-65% of energy should come from carbs
dietary recommendations of sugars
10% of daily total energy intake
dietary recommendation of fiber
14 g per 1000 kcal
ketosis
body burns fat instead of glucose because the body lacks enough carbohydrates to burn for energy (result of low carb consumption)
digestion enzymes
amylase in saliva breaks down starch into smaller polysaccharides and disaccharides
(maltase, sucrase, and lactase break down disaccharides)
most digestion takes place in small intestine
high sugar diets concerns
increased risk of weight gain/obesity, and cardiovascular disease, can also develop dental caries (cavities)
blood glucose regulation
liver and pancreas are important to blood glucose control
hormones include: insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormones
normal range: 70-100 mg/dl
metabolic syndrome
group of conditions that increase risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease
includes: insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure
type 1 vs type 2 diabetes
type 1: autoimmune attack on the pancreas because it does not make insulin
type 2: insulin resistance because body makes less than used to
