Exam 1: Lecture 7

Question 1

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning

Answer 1

1. caused by ingestion of enterotoxin in improperly stored foods
2. pathogen = staphlococcus aereus
3. Source = foods w/ high osmotic pressure or not cooked properly before eating

Question 2

E. coli gastroenteritis organism

Answer 2

E. coli with toxic genes

Question 3

E. coli gastroenteritis transmission

Answer 3

fecal-oral

Question 4

E. coli gastroenteritis portal of entry

Answer 4

GI

Question 5

E. coli gastroenteritis Disease mechanism

Answer 5

LT/ST enterotoxins disrupt Cl channel

Shiga toxin inhibit protein synthesis of endothelial cells in intestine, kidney,brain

Question 6

E. coli gastroenteritis Signs and Symptoms

Answer 6

Water diarrhea = enterotoxin

Shiga toxin causes bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome, kidney damage, intravascular clots

Question 7

E. coli gastroenteritis Diagnosis

Answer 7

Culture of organism and genetic characterization

Question 8

E. coli gastroenteritis Treatment

Answer 8

supportive
transfusion
dialysis
Antibiotics trigger release of Shiga Toxin

Question 9

E. coli gastroenteritis Prevention

Answer 9

personal hygiene

cook food thoroughly

Question 10

Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease

Answer 10

H. Pylori produces ammonia, neutralized stomach acid….bacteria colonize stomach mucosa and cause peptic ulcer disease

Question 11

How to detect H.Pylori infection

Answer 11

urease, enzyme used to detect in clinical exam

Question 12

How to treat H.Pylori infection

Answer 12

Bismuth, combo antibiotics, acid suppressor all maybe useful in treating peptic ulcer disease

Question 13

Clinical Outcomes of H.Pylori infection

Answer 13

> 80% = Asymptomatic or chronic gastritis
15-20% = Chronic atrophic gastritis intestinal metaplasia, Gastric or Duodenal ulcer
< 1% = Gastric cancer MALT lymphoma

Question 14

Viral Hepatitis

Answer 14

1. inflammation of liver caused by group of viruses that infect the liver
2. A/B/C/D/E
3. Leading cause of liver cancer
4. Most common reason for liver transplant
5. 4.4m Americans infect and most don’t know

Question 15

Hep A

Answer 15

Transmission: Fecal-oral
Classification: Picornaviridae, Linear SS-RNA
Incubation: 15-40 days
Chronic infection: No
Clinical outcomes: No

Question 16

Hep B

Answer 16

Transmission: Bloodborne, sexual, vertical
Classification: Hepadnaviridae, Circular DS-DNA
Incubation: 60-180 days
Chronic infection: yes, 5%
Clinical outcomes: Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Question 17

Hep C

Answer 17

Transmission: Bloodborne, Sexual, Vertical
Classification: Flaviviridae
Incubation: 60 - 120 days
Chronic infection: yes, 80%
Clinical outcomes:Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Question 18

Hep D

Answer 18

Transmission: Bloodborne, Sexual, Vertical
Classification: Deltaviridae
Incubation: 60-180 days
Chronic infection: yes
Clinical outcomes: Co infection

Question 19

Hep E

Answer 19

Transmission: Fecal-oral
Classification: Caliciviridae
Incubation: 21-42 days
Chronic infection: No
Clinical outcomes: No

Question 20

Hep info

Answer 20

1 in 5 w/ Hep C don’t know
No vaccine for Hep C, only Treatment
Viral hep can lead to liver damage/cancer
Hep B 100X more infectious than HIV

Question 21

Hepatitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of liver

Question 22

Acute Viral Hepatitis

Answer 22

Symptoms less than 6 months

Question 23

Acute Hepatic Failure

Answer 23

appearance of sever complications rapidly after 1st signs of liver disease, indicates live sustained severe damage

Question 24

Chronic Hepatitis

Answer 24

inflammation of liver for at least 6 months

Question 25

Cirrhosis

Answer 25

Replacement of liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue leads to loss of liver function

Question 26

Fulminant Hepatitis

Answer 26

Sever impairment of hepatic functions or severe necrosis of hepatocytes in the absence of preexisting liver disease

Question 27

Hep Disease Symptoms

Answer 27

Acute infection may occur with limited or no symptoms... can include symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

Question 28

Hep C time line

Answer 28

Normal liver -> chronic hepatitis -> (20-25yrs) Cirrhosis -> (25-30yrs) HCC, ESLD, Death

Question 29

HSV-1 vs HSV-2

Answer 29

``` 1 = oral 2= genital ```

Question 30

HSV-2 Transmission

Answer 30

mainly during sex usually transmitted in absence of symptoms rare circumstances HSV-2 can transmit from mom to baby during delivery

Question 31

Signs HSV-2

Answer 31

often none/mild when symptoms occur, characterized by genital or anal blisters or open sores called ulcer. also include fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes

Question 32

most common STI in USA

Answer 32

Human Papillomavirus HPV

Question 33

HPV transmission

Answer 33

through skin-skin contact, 30 types transmitted sexually

Question 34

Condyloma acuminatum

Answer 34

genital warts = symptoms of highly contagious STD spread through direct skin to skin contact

Question 35

condyloma vs condlyomata

Answer 35

- oma = single wart | - mata = multiple warts

Question 36

Condyloma means

Answer 36

knuckle-like growth

Question 37

Acuminaum means

Answer 37

pointed

Question 38

HPV test facts

Answer 38

no test to find HPV status no approved test to find HO=PV in mouth or throat

Question 39

Who should get vaccinated HPV

Answer 39

Boys/girls 11 or 12 males through 21, girls through 26 if didn't when younger Gay/bi men through 26 yrs old Men/women w/ compromised immune systems through age 26

Question 40

Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer causes

Answer 40

HPV | non-enveloped DNA virus...40 types

Question 41

Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer treatment

Answer 41

Topical interferon surgical removal cryotherapy

Question 42

Genital wars, cervical or penile cancer prevention

Answer 42

Gardasil = vaccine | protected sex