Exam 1 Questions Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two components that make up blood?
A
Plasma and Formed elements
2
Q
What three things make up formed elements?
A
Erythrocytes, Luekocytes and Platelets
3
Q
WHat two things make up Plasma?
A
H2O and solutes
4
Q
WHat percent of plasma is water
A
90
5
Q
What percent of plasma is protein
A
8
6
Q
What does Albumin do in plasma?
A
main contributor to osmolarity
7
Q
What two things make up Globulins?
A
Alpha/Beta and gamma
8
Q
What does alpha/ beta cells do in plamsa?
A
They are the carrier proteins
9
Q
WHat does Fibrinogen do in Plasma?
A
Forms fibers during blood clotting?
10
Q
What is the buffy coat between plasma and blood made up of?
A
Leukocytes and platelets
11
Q
What percent of blood is erythrocytes?
A
45%
12
Q
WhaT are erythrocytes filled with?
A
Hemoglobin
13
Q
WHat does Hemoglobin consisit of?
A
globin and 4 heme groups
14
Q
Plasma makes up what percent of blood
A
55
15
Q
In order of density from least to most rank plasma,, eryrheocytes and buffy coat
A
plasma, buffy coat, erythrocytes
16
Q
What is the function of leukocytes?
A
DEFENSE
17
Q
What are the two types of leukocytes
A
granular and agranular
18
Q
What do neutrophils attack?
A
bacteria
19
Q
What do eosinophil attack?
A
Parasites
20
Q
What do Basophils release?
A
Histamine
21
Q
Which cells of the lymphocyte attack virus infected cells?
A
T Cells
22
Q
What is another name for platelets?
A
Thrombocytes
23
Q
Platelets are technically…
A
cell fragments
24
Q
Platelets or thrombocytes function is
A
blood clot formation
25
WHat happens in the Capillary beds of lungs and tissue?
Gas exchange happens
26
What is stenosis?
when the valve gets stiff and doesn't open as easily or as wide
27
What is a heart murmur?
Sound generated by blood rushing past on object (such as stenotic valve or leaky valve)
28
What do coronary arteries do?
Provide blood supply to myocardium
29
If a coronary artery is blocked what happens?
Heart attack
30
What is a systole?
Contraction
31
What is end systolic volume
volume when fully contracted
32
What is diastole
relaxation and expansion
33
What is stroke volume
the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per beat
34
WHat are the 2 main cell types
pacemaker cells and cardiac myocytes
35
What do pacemaker cells do
control heart rate
36
what do cardiac myocytes do
its ability to contract
37
What is angioplasty
a procedure to open narrowed or blocked arties caused by deposits of plaque
38
What are the 3 types of vessels?
artery, capillary, veins
39
Rank the 3 vessels from thinniest to thickest walls
capillary. vein and thinner
40
Which vessel has the location of gas and nutrient exchange
capillary
41
Of the plasma components the main contribution to osmotic pressure is....
Albumin
42
What are the two storage molecules for iron
Ferritin
| Hemosiderin
43
What is the molecule that carries iron through blood?
Transferrin
44
What is ferritin
Big storage area of iron
45
What is transferrin
Protein that transfers iron
46
Having ______ copy of HbS gene will cause sickle cell trait and confer malarial resistance
One
47
WBCs can exit blood vessels via ________, an ameboid motion permitting positive chemotaxis
Diapedesis
48
What does the T cell do
Attack virus infected cells
49
What does the B cell do
Make antibodies
50
Which cell type turns into macrophages that engulf various pathogens
Monocytes
51
What are the two sub groups of lymphocytes
T cells
| B cells
52
If B cells are activated the turn into _____ which secret antibodies
Plasma cells
53
List the granule yetis
Neutrophil
Eosinophils
Basophils
54
List the agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
| Monocytes
55
Which WBCs are derived from myeloid stem cells
Granular and agranular leukocytes except lymphocytes
56
Which granulocytes takes up red dye
Eosinophils
57
Which granulocytes takes up blue dye
Basophils
58
Valves are one way doors that are opened and closed by?
Positive and negative pressure generated by the heart
59
AV valves open when atrial pressure is____ than ventricular pressure
Greater
60
AV valves close when atrial pressure is _____ than ventricular pressure
Less than
61
Which phase of membrane potential is first
Depolarization
62
Which phase of membrane potential is second
Plateau
63
Which phase of membrane potential is he last
Repolarization
64
Which phase of membrane potential is effected by Na
Depolarization
65
Which phase of membrane potential is effected by K
Repolarization
66
Which phase of membrane potential is effected by Ca
Plateau phase
67
List the four chambers of the heart in order of blood flow beginning with deoxygenated blood coming into the body
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
68
List the four valves blood passes through in order
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
69
What molecular structure in sarcolemma makes the cells electrically coupled
Gap junctions
70
This slow depolarization is due to the opening of Na channels
Pacemaker potential
71
Ecg components what is happening at the letter P
Atrial depolarization
72
Ecg components what is happening between P and Q
Impulse is delayed at AV node
73
Ecg components what is happening at the letter Q R S
Ventricular depolarization at apex
74
Ecg components what is happening between S T
Depolarization complete
75
Ecg components what is happening at the letter T
Ventricular repolarization begins at apex
76
Ecg components what is happening after the letter T
Ventricular repolarization
77
What decreases depolarization speed in pacemaker cells by opening K channels
Acetylcholine
78
What increases depolarization speed in pacemaker cells by increasing caption influx into the heart
Epinephrine/ norepinephrine
79
Which capillary is least permeable
Continuous
80
Which capillary is the most permeable
Sinusoid
81
Which capillary occurs in areas of active absorption or flirtation like kidney or small intestine
Fenestrated capillary
82
Which capillary occurs in skin and muscle
Continuous capillary
83
Which capillary occurs in special locations like liver bone marrow spleen
Sinusoid
84
Which type of vessel is solely endothelium
Capillary
85
Name two parts of vascular shunt
Metarteriole
| Thoroughfare channel
86
Which vessel has the smallest diameter
Capillary
87
Does Vasodilation or Vasoconstriction increase pressure?
Vasoconstriction
88
Which area has the lowest blood pressure
Venae cavae
89
Which area has the highest blood pressure
Aorta
90
What three things regulate blood pressure
Neural
Hormonal
Renal
91
Which hormones increase blood pressure
norepinephrine/epinephrine
angiotensin
antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
92
What stimulates thrist perception in the brain
angiotensin
93
What hormone promotes water retention
Antidiuretic hormone
94
What hormone promotes Na retention
Aldosterone
95
What stimulates vasodilation and Na excretion in urine
atrial natriuretic peptide
96
what is hypertension
high blood pressure
97
What is atheroslerosis
build up of plaque
98
What blocks angiotensin pathway
ACE inhibitors
