exam 1 TYK

Question 1

Ice melting is an endothermic process. T or F

Answer 1

true

Question 2

In a chemical reaction, the standard free energy change (ΔG°’) is calculated to be 3.67 cal/mol. What can be said of the chemical reaction?

Answer 2

the rxn is not spontaneous under standard conditions

Question 3

What are the 6 types of work performed by a cell that require energy?

Answer 3

Synthetic: biosynthesis of a new protein
Mechanical: contraction of muscle
Concentration: creating a proton gradient in lysosome
Electrical: generation of membrane potential
Heat: maintenance of body temperature
Bioluminescence: example in fireflies

Question 4

Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells?

Answer 4

food vacuole

Question 5

ribosome

Answer 5

protein synthesis

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

information center

Question 7

chloroplast

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

ribosome production

Question 9

rough ER

Answer 9

synthesis of secretory proteins

Question 10

smooth ER

Answer 10

steroid synthesis

Question 11

ECM

Answer 11

support and regulation of cell properties

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

cell shape and movement of organelles

Question 13

chromoplast

Answer 13

contains pigments in flowers

Question 14

golgi complex

Answer 14

synthesis of complex polysaccharides

Question 15

lysosome

Answer 15

storage of hydrolase

Question 16

peroxisome

Answer 16

detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 17

central vacuole

Answer 17

turgor pressure

Question 18

plasma membrane

Answer 18

cellular boundary

Question 19

mitochondrion

Answer 19

ATP synthesis

Question 20

The chromoplast is an organelle associated with _____

Answer 20

plant pigment storage

Question 21

The hallmark feature of peroxisomal diseases is the accumulation of ________

Answer 21

very long chain fatty acids

Question 22

A negative free energy change indicates that the reaction is endothermic. T or F

Answer 22

false

Question 23

You are working on a project that involves the direct observation of DNA molecules. The microscope that would give you the best information at this time would be the transmission electron microscope. T or F

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Prions are responsible for crops’s diseases. T or F

Answer 24

false (viroids are!)

Question 25

chloroplasts have their own DNA. T or F

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what biomolecules function in carbon and energy storage

Answer 26

proteins and polysaccharides

Question 27

what biomolecules function as enzyme cofactors

Answer 27

terpenes

Question 28

what biomolecules function as hormones

Answer 28

proteins, lipids, and steroids

Question 29

what biomolecules function as vitamins

Answer 29

terpenes

Question 30

what biomolecules function as structural components of the cell

Answer 30

proteins, lipids, steroids, and polysccharides

Question 31

what biomolecules function as cell receptors

Answer 31

proteins

Question 32

what biomolecules function as informational molecules

Answer 32

DNA and RNA

Question 33

what biomolecules function in motility

Answer 33

proteins

Question 34

Disulfide bonds are important for primary structure of protein. T or F

Answer 34

false

Question 35

Saturation

Answer 35

the inability to increase reaction velocity beyond a finite upper limit

Question 36

Fibrous proteins

Answer 36

composed of either α helices or β sheets throughout the molecule, giving them a highly ordered, repetitive structure

Question 37

oxidation

Answer 37

removal of hydrogen (plus an electron) and addition of oxygen atom

Question 38

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 38

lipid synthesis

Question 39

What inorganic precursors are needed to synthesize proteins?

Answer 39

carbon, water, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Question 40

terpenes are a class of ______

Answer 40

lipids

Question 41

A nanometer is equivalent to ______

Answer 41

10 Angstroms (Å)

Question 42

size of a typical prokaryotic cell

Answer 42

one micrometer