Exam 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Body composition
The body’s chemical and molecular composition
3 General models of body composition
Chemical model, anatomical model, and the two-compartment model
What does the chemical model contain?
Fats protein, Cho, water, mineral
What does the anatomical model contain?
Adipose tissue, muscle, organs, bones , other (interstitial fluids)
What does the two-compartment model contain?
Fat Mass and fat- free mass
What does body mass index assess
Height and weight
What are some ways body composition is measured?
Hydrostatic weighing
Dexa
Air plethysmograph
Skinfold
Bioelectric impedance
What does densitomeny measure?
Body density
What are some limitations of hydrostatic weighing?
Lung air volume confounding
Conversion of body density to percent fat
Fat-free density varies among people
What is dexa?
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiomony
Quantifies bone and soft-tissue composition
Precise and reliable however very expensive
Air plemysmography (bod pod)
Uses air displacement to find body composition
Skinfold
Most widely used technique; measures thickness of three to seven sites on the body
Bioelectric impedance
Electrodes are placed on ankle, coot, wrist, and hand; current passes from proximal to distal sizes measuring body comp; fat free mass is a good conductor fat mass is a poor conductor
What is fat free mass good for?
Power, strength, and muscle endurance
What is fat free mass bad for?
Aerobic endurance because the is more mass to carry
What is bat?
Dead weight but is also a useful energy Stowe
What are some exceptions of fat mass being a good thing
Sumo wrestler, swimmers and weight lifter
Dehydration
Fasting and extreme caloric restriction lads to water loss; 2-4% weight loss as water gads to impaired performance and risk of kidney, cardiouscalar dysfunction and sometimes death
Chronic fatigue
Underweight leads to fatigue and decrease in performance
What 3 steps will peopl take to lose weight
① decrease Cho to deplete glycogen storage ② calorie restrict ③ water restrict
Eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa; none prevalent with women in lean sports ex. Dance and gymnastics
Menstrual dysfunction
Delayed monarch, oligomenorihea, or amenorrhea, prevalent in low body weight sports
Due to calorie intake being use than calorie expenditure
What is rmr?
Number of calories to maintain motion at rest
Bone mineral loss
Serious consequence of athletic amenorinea; anovesia beads to a fracture rate 7 times higher
