Exam 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Identify the theory where arousal affects performance depending on how an athlete interprets his or her arousal levels. For example, athlete A may interpret low arousal as boring whereas athlete B may interpret low arousal as relaxing.
Inverted-U Hypothesis
Reversal Theory
Drive Theory
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Reversal Theory
State anxiety would be harder to manipulate in an experiment compared to trait anxiety. T/F
False
Identify the main components of the stress response.
Correct answer:
Perceptions of demand
Openness to learn
Coaching style
Environmental demands
Behavioral consequences
Environmental demands
Perceptions of demand
Behavioral consequences
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Impedance Cardiography are two common psychological stress measures. T/F
False
Which theory examining the arousal-performance relationship independently incorporates both mental manifestations (cognitive anxiety) and physical symptoms (somatic anxiety)?
Drive Theory
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Inverted-U Hypothesis
Reversal Theory
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Regardless of the type of stress (eustress or distress), people may display similar mental and physical symptoms. T/F
True
Muscle tension, excess sweat, butterflies in the stomach, fatigue, and vision changes are all psychological signs/symptoms of over-arousal. T/F
False
This theory postulates that 1) optimal levels of state anxiety do not always occur at the midpoint (i.e., varies from athlete to athlete) and 2) the optimal level of state anxiety is not a single point but located on a bandwidth (i.e., on a continuum).
Reversal Theory
Drive Theory
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Inverted-U Hypothesis
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Over-arousal may lead to impairments in _________ performance.
behavioral
physical and behavioral
physical
psychological
physical, behavioral, and psychological
physical, behavioral, and psychological
In general, extrinsic factors (e.g., rewards, money, etc.) can eventually undermine intrinsic factors. T/F
True
This theory examining arousal and performance assumes a positive linear relationship exists between arousal/state anxiety and performance.
Reversal Theory
Drive Theory
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Inverted-U Hypothesis
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Drive theory
Based on the principles of ________, reinforcing consequences immediately following a response increases the future likelihood of that behavior.
negative feedback theory
behavioral feedback
operant conditioning
mind control
goal conditioning
operant conditioning
The principles of reinforcement are complex because (select ALL that apply):
They only apply to elite athletes
Reinforcement is too difficult to understand
They apply to males but not females
Different people react differently to the same reinforcement
People are not always able to repeat desired behaviors
Different people react differently to the same reinforcement
People are not always able to repeat desired behaviors
________ is an example of behavioral coaching where coaches/sport psychologists establish the last piece of a desired outcome first.
Backwards chaining
Punishing
Shaping
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Backwards chaining
An athlete performs a behavior you consider positive. In order to reward this athlete, you decide to remove their least favorite drill from practice. This is an example of which of the following?
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Why is the threshold of autonomy an important point in the self-determination theory (SDT)?
It is the best predictor of motivations to exercise
It is the point where motivation shifts from external to internal
It is easy to measure
The threshold of autonomy is not an important part of the SDT
It is the point where self-determination decreases
It is the point where motivation shifts from external to internal
Classical conditioning is used to elicit voluntary behaviors (non-reflexive) to either increase or decrease a responses future likelihood. T/F
False
A negative approach to reinforcement (i.e., punishment) reduces the likelihood of desirable responses. T/F
true
Negative reinforcement is a form of punishment. T/F
False
Typically, if doing something (i.e., a specific behavior) results in a _______ consequence, people tend to try and repeat that behavior.
bad (unpleasant)
neutral (neither pleasant nor unpleasant)
good (pleasant)
good (pleasant)
