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Toxicology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Strychnine: Tk

A

rapidly absorbed in GI, low PP binding, crosses BBB, enterohepatic recerculation

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2
Q

Strychnine: MoA

A

blocks post-synaptic inhibatory receptors

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3
Q

Strychnine: Signs

A

rapid onset, panting, vomiting, mydriasis, stiffness, hyperthermia, progresses to tonic seizures with stimulus

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4
Q

Strychnine: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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5
Q

Strychnine: Tx

A

decontaminate, supportive (avoid opioids, ketamine)

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6
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Properties

A

decomposes w/in 2wks, liberates toxic gas when exposed to acidic environment

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7
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Tk

A

corrosive, phosphine gas excreted in lungs

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8
Q

Zinc Phosphide: MoA

A

unkown

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9
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Signs

A

rapid onset, anorexia, v/d +/- blood, weakness, ab pain,

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10
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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11
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Tx

A

decontaminate (good ventilation), supportive

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12
Q

Fluoroacetate: Tk

A

Readily absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, or through open wounds, distribution throughout body, toxic metabolites

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13
Q

Fluoroacetate: MoA

A

disrupts kreb’s cycle

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14
Q

Fluoroacetate: Signs - Dogs

A

v/d, CNS stimulation

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15
Q

Fluoroacetate: Signs - Large Animal

A

heart failure, arrhythmias

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16
Q

Fluoroacetate: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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17
Q

Fluoroacetate: Tx

A

acetate donors, supportive

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18
Q

Strychnine: Function

A

Rodenticide

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19
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Function

A

Rodenticide

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20
Q

Fluoroacetate: Function

A

Rodenticide

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21
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Function

A

herbicide

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22
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Tk

A

readily absorbed by ingestion or inhalation, distributed throughout body, crossed BBB

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23
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: MoA

A

uncouple oxidative phosphorilation

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24
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Signs

A

anorexia, rumen atony, bloat, diarrhea, weakness

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25
FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Dx
ID it, history, signs
26
FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Tx
detox, supportive
27
Dipyridyl: Function
herbacides (paraquat, diquat)
28
Dipyridyl: Properties
rapidly inactivated by light, soil, and alkalin, water soluble
29
Dipyridyl: Tk
poorly absorbed in GI, concentrates in lung
30
Dipyridyl: MoA
membrane damage, production of free radicals
31
Dipyridyl: Signs
Early - vomiting, anorexia, depression, ataxia | Delayed - tachypnea, dyspnea, harsh lung sounds
32
Dipyridyl: Dx
ID it, radiography (lung changes), history, signs
33
Dipyridyl: Tx
detox, supportive (no O2), antioxidants
34
Pentachlorophenol: Function
fungicidal (wood treatment)
35
Pentachlorophenol: Properties
lipid soluble, volatile
36
Pentachlorophenol: Tk
readily absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and skin, distributed throughout body
37
Pentachlorophenol: MoA
uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
38
Pentachlorophenol: Signs
Acute - hyperthermia, tachycardia, dyspnea, cyanosis, seizure Chronic - wt. loss, dec. milk production, anemia, fetal malformations
39
Pentachlorophenol: Dx
ID it, history, signs
40
Pentachlorophenol: Tx
detox, supportive
41
Nonprotein Nitrogen: Function
Feed additive (urea)
42
Nonprotein Nitrogen: Tk
metabolizes to ammonia
43
Nonprotein Nitrogen: MoA
ammonia is toxicant, inhibits Citric Acid cycle
44
Nonprotein Nitrogen: Signs
restlessness, aggression, muscle tremors, salivation, colic, bloat, rumen stasis, ammonia odor
45
Nonprotein Nitrogen: Dx
ID it, history, signs
46
Nonprotein Nitrogen: Tx
detox, symptomatic
47
Ionophore: Function
feed additive, growth promoter, anticoccidial
48
Ionophore: Tk
ruminants absorb 50%, monogastrics absorb 100%, distributed throughout the body
49
Ionophore: MoA
disrupts electrochemical gradients
50
Ionophore: Signs
anorexia, ataxia, depression,
51
Ionophore: Dx
ID it, inc. CPK, AST, LDH, ALP, PCV; dec. CA, K; history, signs
52
Ionophore: Tx
detox, symptomatic
53
Na: Cause
lack of access to water, excess salt intake
54
Na: Tk
rapidly absorbed in GI, distributed throughout body, crosses BBB
55
Na: MoA
inhibits anaerobic glycolysis, pulls water to it causing edema
56
Na: Signs
vomiting, PD, metabolic acidosis, seizures
57
Na: Dx
excess serum/CSF levels, history, signs
58
Na: Tx
small amounts of fresh water gradually, all at once => cerebral edema
59
Inorganic Arsenic: Function
Heavy metal, wood preservative, -icides
60
Inorganic Arsenic: Tk
absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and skin, distributed throughout body, concentrates in liver, kidney, hair, and nail
61
Inorganic Arsenic: MoA
binds to lipoic acid => disrupts glycolysis and citric acid cycle
62
Inorganic Arsenic: Signs
rapid onset, colic, ataxia, salivation, v/d +/- blood
63
Inorganic Arsenic: Dx
ID it (urine), inc. PCV, BUN; history, signs
64
Inorganic Arsenic: Tx
supportive, detox - Chelation (Succimer)
65
Organic Arsenic: Function
Heavy metal, feed additive for wt gain
66
Organic Arsenic: Tk
poorly absorbed in GI, distributed throughout the body, excreted unchanged in urine
67
Organic Arsenic: MoA
peripheral nerve demyelination and axonal damage
68
Organic Arsenic: Signs
Swine - ataxia, poss. blindness, but good appetite | Chicken - anorexia, depression
69
Organic Arsenic: Dx
ID it (feed), history, signs
70
Organic Arsenic: Tx
supportive, decontaminate
71
Copper: Function
heavy metal, feed additive
72
Copper: Tk
absorbed in the GI, stored in liver
73
Copper: MoA
accumulation => liver necrosis
74
Copper: Signs
sudden onset, weakness, anorexia, pale mm, icterus, hemoglobinuria
75
Copper: Dx
ID it (blood), history, signs
76
Copper: Tx
molybdenum
77
Molybdenum: Function
heavy metal, accumulates in plants
78
Molybdenum: Tk
absorbed in GI, excreted at toxic levels in milk
79
Molybdenum: MoA
Cu deficiency
80
Molybdenum: Signs
greenish diarrhea, rough coat, depigmentation
81
Molybdenum: Dx
ID it (blood), history, signs
82
Molybdenum: Tx
copper
83
Selenium: Function
heavy metal, feed additive
84
Selenium: Tk
readily absorbed in SI, distributed throughout body, accumulated in hair and hoof
85
Selenium: MoA
replaces sulfur in amino acids
86
Selenium: Signs - Acute
colic, bloat, watery diarrhea, dyspnea, crackles, bloody froth
87
Selenium: Signs - Subacute
"blind staggers" Stage 1 - anorexia, aimless wandering Stage 2 - depression, ataxia Stage 3 - colic hypothermia, paresis, blind
88
Selenium: Signs - Chronic
rough coat, loss of tail hair, hoof deformities
89
Selenium: Dx
ID it (blood, hair), history, signs
90
Selenium: Tx
detox, supportive
91
Lead: Function
Heavy metal, paint
92
Lead: Properties
not degraded in environment, poorly metabolized, dissolves in acid
93
Lead: Tk
binds to RBC membrane, distributed throughout body, crosses BBB, concentrates in bone
94
Lead: MoA
interferes with biochemical processes
95
Lead: Signs
anorexia, v/d, rumen atony, anxiety, seizures, anemia
96
Lead: Dx
ID it (urine, blood), inc. RBC, fluorescent plasma, history, signs, radiographs
97
Lead: Tx
supportive, detox - chelation (EDTA, succimer)
98
Zinc: Function
heavy metal, pennies, lotions
99
Zinc: MoA
damages RBC
100
Zinc: Signs
v/d, anorexia, abdominal pain, hemolytic anemia
101
Zinc: Dx
ID it (serum), history, signs, radiographs
102
Zinc: Tx
decontaminate, supportive
103
Iron: Function
heavy metal, supplements
104
Iron: Tk
binds to transferrin, distributed throughout the body
105
Iron: MoA
generates free radicals => membrane damage
106
Iron: Signs
``` Stage 1 (0-6hrs) - v/d +/- blood Stage 2 (6-24hrs)- apparent recovery Stage 3 (12-96hrs) - v/d +/- blood, acidosis, coagulopathy, hepatic failure, cardo collapse Stage 4 (2-6wks) - poss. GI fibrosis => obstruction ```
107
Iron: Dx
ID it (serum), history, signs
108
Iron: Tx
decontaminate, supportive
109
Ethylene Glycol: Function
Household, antifreeze
110
Ethylene Glycol: Tk
rapidly absorbed in GI and distributed throughout the body, crosses BBB, lethal synthesis
111
Ethylene Glycol: MoA
metabolic acidosis, renal failure
112
Ethylene Glycol: Signs
vomiting, anorexia, depression, ataxia, PU/PD, oliguric renal failure, Ca oxalate (monohydrate) crystals
113
Ethylene Glycol: Dx
ID it (blood), history, signs
114
Ethylene Glycol: Tx
detox, alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors, supportive
115
Propylene Glycol: Function
household, "safe" antifreeze
116
Propylene Glycol: Tk
rapidly absorbed by ingestion and inhalation
117
Propylene Glycol: MoA
osmotic diuresis
118
Propylene Glycol: Signs
ataxia, depression, m. acidosis, inc. anion gap
119
Propylene Glycol: Dx
history, signs
120
Propylene Glycol: Tx
detox, supportive

Toxicology (3 decks)

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