Exam 2

Question 1

What is the average height loss per decade?

Answer 1

1 cm

Accelerates after 60

Question 2

What is the gender difference in height loss?

Answer 2

Females lose more

Question 3

Why do females lose more height?

Answer 3

Hormones
Diet
Weight
Difference in physical activity
Osteoporosis prevalence

Question 4

Why does height loss happen?

Answer 4

Vertebral compression
Changes in height and shape of intervertebral discs
Loss of muscle tone
Postural slump

Question 5

What are the changes in weight associated with aging?

Answer 5

Weight begins to decline after age 50

Biggest indicator of mortality risk is weight loss

Question 6

What are the factors responsible for weight loss during aging?

Answer 6

Selective survival of healthy weight and population
Low obesity prevalence in the cohort
Aging process
Higher frequency of disease

Question 7

What are changes in BMI in relation to aging?

Answer 7

Little changes

Same weight but more fat and less muscle mass

Question 8

What is the classification for underweight BMI

Question 9

What is the desirable BMI

Answer 9

18.5-24.9

Question 10

What is an overweight BMI

Answer 10

25-29.9

Question 11

What is the obesity BMI

Answer 11

> 30

Question 12

What is the association between mortality and BMI

Answer 12

HigH BMI high mortality

Question 13

What are the height changes associated with aging?

Answer 13

Height loss starts around 40

Both genders lose about 3-4% of their original height

Question 14

What are changes associated with body comp during the aging process? The

Answer 14

Same body weight but different composition

Question 15

What are the factors that impact body comp with aging?

Answer 15

Genetic
Aging
Diet
Disease
Physical activity participation

Question 16

Fat mass during aging

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

Fat free mass during aging

Answer 17

Decreases

Physically weaker

Question 18

What is the effect aerobic training has on body comp during aging?

Answer 18

Decreases fat mass

Not effective in increasing fat free mass

Question 19

What effect does resistance training have on body comp while aging?

Answer 19

Lose fat mass

Increase fat free mass

Question 20

What is the effect of aging on bones?

Answer 20

Bone loss is greater than bone gain after 40

Question 21

What factors influence bone health

Answer 21

Hormones
Diet
Physical activity
Body weight
Gender
Ethnicity

Question 22

What factors contribute to frequent bone fractures during aging?

Answer 22

Decreases bone mass
Lifestyle
Genetics
Age
Inverse relationship with BMI

Question 23

What is osteoporosis

Answer 23

Low bone mass
Poor structural quality of the bone
Weak bones
Loss of bone mass

Question 24

Osteoporosis where you lose 3-7% per year for 5 years after menopause

Answer 24

Type 1

Question 25

Osteoporosis which occurs in both genders | May develop eat any age

Answer 25

Type 2

Question 26

Why is flexibility important?

Answer 26

``` Range of motion Injury prevention Strain on other joint structures Balance Posture Quality of life ```

Question 27

Risk factors of osteoporosis

Answer 27

``` Age Gender Body size Ethnicity Family history Hormonal levels Diet ```

Question 28

Arthritis that is an inflammatory condition

Answer 28

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 29

Arthritis that is a degenerative disease

Answer 29

Osteoarthritis

Question 30

What are risk factors of osteoarthritis?

Answer 30

``` >40-50 Gender Family history Higher body weight Physical inactivity Strenuous physical activity Muscle weakness ```

Question 31

Effects of exercise of osteoarthritis

Answer 31

``` Not a huge impact on the actual disease Improves function Less stress on the joints Weight loss Decreases pain General benefits of physical activity l ```

Question 32

What changes occur in skin during aging?

Answer 32

Thinning of dermis and epidermis elasticity of dermis and cross linking Reduced blood supply to skin Decreases activity of oil and sweat glands

Question 33

How does muscle strength change with aging?

Answer 33

Less muscle strength | Less change in upper extremities

Question 34

How does gender factor into muscle strength loss during aging?

Answer 34

Women lose less

Question 35

What happens to human growth hormone during aging?

Answer 35

Less is created

Question 36

What happens to muscle fibers during aging?

Answer 36

Decrease in number Decrease in IIb size Decrease in muscle quality

Question 37

How does muscle blood flow change with aging?

Answer 37

Capillarity declines so less blood is able to be used

Question 38

How does the nervous system change during aging?

Answer 38

Decline in axons and conduction velocity | Atrophy to nerve cells

Question 39

What is the variability in strength gains?

Answer 39

28%-153%

Question 40

What are some adaptions that can be made with resistance training?

Answer 40

Muscular hypertrophy | Neural adaptions

Question 41

What is IGF

Answer 41

Insulin-like growth factor | Hormone used to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Question 42

What happens to muscular power during aging?

Answer 42

Loss of power

Question 43

How should a person train for power?

Answer 43

High velocity resistance training

Question 44

Seven dimensions of wellness

Answer 44

``` Social Physical Emotional Spiritual Environmental Occupational Intellectual ```

Question 45

What does the senior fitness test measure

Answer 45

``` Lower/upper body strength Aerobic endurance Lower/upper body flexibility Agility Balance and coordination ```