simple math, simple calculations-multiplication and division, add subtract; also your conscious
prefrontal/frontal association
cells firing here tell skeletal muscle cells to respond; smacking husband after touching hot plate
primary motor cortex
helps primary motor go smoothly; repitious actions; typing or writing fast; sending messages to primary motor; pretty handwriting
premotor
divided into parts of your body(nose, tip, elbow, kneecap); amount of space:# of sensory receptors in a region (arm bigger than nose) ; receives sensory information
Primary sensory
stores sensory info ; memory bank; not just visual; everything coming from both ways shared here
sensory association
memory bank; about what you see
visual association
recognizing someone; feature about someone
primary visual cortex
messages to muscles of mouth; only on left side; allow you to articulate; move mouth and tongue to speak
Brocca’s region
both sides of the brain; telephone number for example; that you will forget in five minutes
short term memory
listen to music; like it, recognize it ; will have memory bank; sound will be in temporal lobe
primary auditory
only on left side; helps make sense of what you are saying; makes sure that what is said is appropriate; may be affected by stroke(will talk jibberish)
Wernicke’s
region where parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe all meet; genius-have solutions to situations; original ideas (Einstein) elaborate region; both sides
General Interpretive
clumps of gray matter each do specific job; vomitting, sneezing, coughing, blood vessel diameter; body functions we don’t need or want to have control over
medulla oblongata
bridge connected medulla and mesencephalon; work together with medullary rhythmicity center; nuclei responsible for sleeping/waking: serotonin released when going to sleep and epinephrine for waking up
pons
midbrain; contains corpora quadrigenima- four round bodies, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncles
mesencephalon
controls visual reflexes (blink when snapping)
superior colliculi
auditory reflexes(jumping at loud noises)
inferior colliculi
main connection between pons and diencephalon
cerebral peduncle
dense regular CT that attaches muscle to bone
tendons
dense regular CT that attaches bone to bones, serves to hold structures together
ligaments
dense CT that attaches bone to bones, serves to hold structures together
ligaments
a broad flat tendon
aponeurosis
clumps of gray matter inside the CNS
nuclei
clumps of gray matter outside CNS , or in PNS
ganglion
composed of the ends of axons dendrite beginnings body and somas
gray matter
composed of mylienated axons
white matter
towards forehead
rostral
toward spinal cord
caudal
sleep cycles, ovarian cycles, releases melatonin
pineal body
pair of basal nuclei ; black bodies; make motions smoother; produces dopamine; parkinson patients stop making dopamine
substantia nigra
gatekeeper; determines what goes up; vague feeling then info got sent up to primary sensory cortex; 99 percent of info stops at this
thalamus
surrounding thalamus
3rd ventricle
homeostasis capital; things beyond control including: emotion, limbic system, eating, rage, responses of temp, hunger thirst
hypothalamus
makes ADH in hypothalamus
supraoptic
makes oxytocin in hypothalamus
paraventricular
inputs the foreman or medulla of brain
hypothalamus
optic nerves where they cross; go into brain
optic chiasma
limbic system; emotional brain; eating behaviors of animals cat eating
mammilary body
attaches to diencephalon by infundibulum; how it communicates; center of endocrine system
pituitary gland
what are the 3 anatomically and physiologically known basal nuclei
caudate, putamen, globis palladus
controlling fine and gross motor skills/ movement (coordination) baby learning how to feed itself with spoon; works along with substantial nigra
3 basal nuclei
physiologically a basal nuclei
substantia nigra
limiting range of motion
basal nuclei and substantia nigra
place in space info
cerebellum
attaches cerebellum to medulla
inferior peduncle
attaches to the pons
middle peduncle
attaches to midbrain
superior peduncle
white matter tracts in cerebellum
arba vita
nucleus in the cerebral peduncle
substantia nigra
three ascending tracts
spinothalmic, spinocerebellar, and fasciculus gracilus/clineatus
info about pain and temperature associated with ascending trac
spinothalmic
info about place in space ; terminates in dentate nucleus; associated with ascending tracts
spinocerebellar
info about pressure/joint movement; terminates at sensory cortex ultimately; associated with ascending tracts
fasciculus gracilus
two major descending tracts
corticospinal and reticulospinal
voluntary muscle; begins in pyramidal cells of the primary motor cortex
corticospinal
reticular formation is located in
pons and medulla and midbrain(mesencephalon)
the reticular formation gives you
your state of consciousness
what helps the thalamus be the gate keeper
reticular formation
the 4th ventricle walls are
peduncle
the roof of 4th ventricle
cerebellum
floor of 4th ventricle
medulla and pons
cells that produce CSF
ependymal
we make how much CSF per day
500mL
production of CSF occurs in the
lateral ventricles
what are the layers beginning with the bone of the skull to the lumen of the lateral ventricles
dura mater subdural space arachnoid layer subarachnoid space pia mater grey matter white matter choroid plexus ependymal cells
another name for sympathetic
adrenergic
another name for parasympathetic
cholinergic
form supportive framework for nervous tissue; have extensions that contact the blood capillaries and stimulate them to form tight seal called blood brain barrier
astrocytes
cells that cover the entire surface of the brain
astrocytes
wander through CNS and phagocytize dead nervous tissue microorganisms and other foreign matter
microglial
found in areas of infection trauma or stroke
microglial
what are the parts of the mesencephalon
superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncle, substantia nigra(for example) space around the brain(brain covered by pia mater)
take large needle and insert it into the ventral surface of the mesencephalon and list in order everything the needle may possibly pass through
- subarachnoid space
- pia mater
- ascending spinothalmic tract
- possible substantia nigra in cerebral peduncle
- through ependymal cells lining the cerebral aqueduct
- CSF
- ependymal cells
- inferior colliculi
- superior colliculi
- pia mater
- subarachnoid space