Exam 2 Adaptive immunity Activation

Question 1

T helper cell role

Answer 1

to produce cytokines which will activate other immune cells

Question 2

T helper cells come from

Answer 2

Naive CD4+ T cell

Question 3

TH1 secretes ___ to activate ____

Answer 3

TH1 secretes IL-2 and IFN gamma to activate CD8+ cells (gamma also activates macrophages)

Question 4

TH2 secretes ___ to activate ____

Answer 4

TH2 secretes IL-4 and IL-5 to activate B cells

Question 5

B cells activated by

Answer 5

IL-4 and IL-5 both produced by TH2

Question 6

CD8+ cells (and macrophages) are activated by

Answer 6

IL-2 and IL-gamma which is produced by TH1 cells (macro by gamma)

Question 7

CD8+ cell function

Answer 7

CTL-Cytotoxic T cells: destroy infected cells (endogenous, intracellular) by releasing perforins which embed into the cell membrane-secrete granzymes into target and trigger apoptosis of infected cell; can recognize more than one cell!

Question 8

CD8+/CTL cells release __ to do ___

Answer 8

perforins which embed –> granzymes –> apoptosis of endogenous/intracellular

Question 9

Types of cells CD8+ cells kill

Answer 9

endogenous/intracellular infections

Question 10

Number of cells CD8+ cells can recognize

Answer 10

Many! not one and done

Question 11

TCR recognizes what

Answer 11

shot, processed, 8-25 a.a. long fragments of antigens presented to them by MHC

Question 12

APC Cells

Answer 12

Antigen Presenting Cells-bind antigens, engulf them, digest, and present on surface as antigenic peptides (epitopes) to TCR

Question 13

process and present antigens to TCR

Answer 13

APC cells

Question 14

bridges between innate and adaptive

Answer 14

Macrophages as APCs, chronic inflammation as holding off until adaptive comes, Dendritic cells as APC, NK cells as (?) and more?

Question 15

APCs

Answer 15

Macrophages (innate), B cells (adaptive), and dendritic cells (innate)

Question 16

Dendritic cells

Answer 16

migratory cells that recognize pathogens nonspecifically (PAMPS)-carry antigen to lymph system-process and present antigen to T cells-deliver a costim signal to interacting T cell to activate them

Question 17

Dendritic cells recognize

Answer 17

PAMPS non-specifically

Question 18

Type of receptors APCs have (antigen binds)

Answer 18

MHC receptors

Question 19

HLA encodes

Answer 19

MHC receptors in humans

Question 20

MHC I presents

Answer 20

CD8+ cells –> cytotoxic T cells

Question 21

MHC II presents

Answer 21

CD4+ cells –> helper T cells

Question 22

Receptor all (most) cells express

Answer 22

MHC1-except RBC and APCS

Question 23

APCs present MHC __

Answer 23

II

Question 24

interaction of MHC with TCR

Answer 24

T cell receptor binds to variable parts of MHC protein to form peptide binding groove; the co receptor (glycoprotein) binds to the invariant part of the MHC protein, far away from the groove –> stabilization

Question 25

TCR binds to ___ of MHC

Answer 25

variable part- forms the binding groove

Question 26

Co-receptor (glycoprotein) binds ___ of MHC

Answer 26

invariant part-far from the groove

Question 27

process antigens presented to APCs

Answer 27

proteosomes (enzyme in cell)

Question 28

MHC I binds

Answer 28

antigens processed by proteosomes from APCS

Question 29

MHC I bind what type of antigens

Answer 29

endogenous

Question 30

binds endogenous antigens

Answer 30

MHC1

Question 31

processed antigens from self or virally infected cells would originate on which type of receptor

Answer 31

MHC1 and present to CD8+

Question 32

MHCI presents antigen to ____ T cells

Answer 32

CD8+

Question 33

How do viral proteins get outside cell on MHC1

Answer 33

proteosomes degrade them and use ER to present on cell surface

Question 34

MHCII found where

Answer 34

APCs only; note that APCs also have MHCI

Question 35

Type of receptor on APCs

Answer 35

MHC I and II

Question 36

MHCII receptors bind peptides generated by

Answer 36

lysosomal enzymes

Question 37

Antigens presented on MHCII are ____ (origin)

Answer 37

exogenous-outside the cell (MOST bacteria, fungi, and toxins)

Question 38

MHCII presents to ___

Answer 38

CD4+ cells