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Nursing 3800: Pediatrics > Exam 2: Alterations in Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Exam 2: Alterations in Respiratory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Why is children’s upper airways more prone to obstruction?

A

smaller airway= greater resistance

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2
Q

Why do children have a reduced area for gas exchange?

A

less alveolar surface area.

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3
Q

Why do infants have less-efficient response to hypoxia and elevated PC02?

A

Bc immature respiratory and neurologic system.

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4
Q

True or false chest wall stiffens with age so you see more retractions.

A

false: less

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5
Q

True or false: lymph tissue(tonsils and adenoids) grow rapidly in early childhood; atrophies after age 12.

A

true

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6
Q

True or false: larynx and glottis are higher in neck, increasing risk for aspiration.

A

true

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7
Q

Why do children have a greater risk for aspiration?

A

higher bifurcation(T3 level instead of T6), and right mainstem has a steeper slope.

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8
Q

What is wheezing? stridor?

A

high-pitched sound on expiration; may occur with obstruction in lower trachea or bronchioles; high-pitched sound on inspiration.

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9
Q

what are rales?

A

crackling sounds heard when alveoli become fluid filled; may occur with pneumonia.

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10
Q

When is foreign body aspiration most common?

A

6 months- 4 yrs

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11
Q

What foods should you avoid do to aspiration?

A

carrots, hot dogs, popcorn, nuts.

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of aspiration?

A

sudden coughing or gagging, dyspnea, tachypnea, retractions, stridor

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13
Q

What are the three disorders that make up croup syndrome?

A

laryngotracheobronchitis, tracheitis, epiglottitis.

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14
Q

What is a bacterial infection of the trachea often following a viral URI?

A

tracheitis.

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15
Q

What is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes varying degrees of airway obstruction?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis.

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16
Q

What is inflammation of the tissue that covers the trachea?

A

epiglottitis

17
Q

What is the most common upper airway disorder of croup syndrome? most life threatening?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis; epiglottitis.

18
Q

What are some symptoms of epiglottitis?

A

high fever, sore throat, drooling, dysphonia tripod

19
Q

What may show up on a neck x-ray with croup syndrome?

A

steeple sign

20
Q

What are some management for croup syndrome?

A

antibiotics, antivirals, beta agonists(albuterol), steroids.

21
Q

True of false with epiglottitis do not place child in supine position, do not attempt to visualize throat, do not leave them, provide 100% in least invasive way.

A

true

22
Q

What are two lower airway disorders?

A

bronchitis, bronchiolitis

23
Q

What is inflammation of trachea and bronchi known as?

A

bronchitis

24
Q

What age usually gets bronchiolitis? cause of illness?

A

2-6 months; RSV

25
Q

what are some common symptoms of pneumonia?

A

shaking chills followed by fever, chest pain in infected lung, severe abdominal pain, dry cough at first then wet, n/v, rapid breathing & HR, SOB

26
Q

what are some tx for pneumonia?

A

pulse ox, CPAP, fluids, PD, percussion, suctioning, Meds: bronchodilators, steroids, beta-antagonists, synargis: IM(decreases chances of vital upper resp. infections.)

27
Q

When do pneumonia symptoms usually improve?

A

24-72 hours

28
Q

What are some characteristics of asthma?

A

inflammation, mucus formation, bronchospasms, airway remodeling, anxiety, cough, wheeze, dyspnea

29
Q

What age do you do spirometry readings?

A

4-5 yrs

30
Q

What are 3 ways to administer asthma meds?

A

nebulizer, inhaler/spacer, dry powder inhaler.

31
Q

What is SIDS?

A

unexplained death under age 1 after autopsy, scene investigation, and review of history.

32
Q

What age does SIDS most likely happen?

A

2-4 months.

33
Q

True or false in infants It is important to avoid loose bedding and smoke exposure.

A

true

34
Q

What are some initial signs of RF?

A

restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia, diaphoresis

35
Q

What are some early decompensation signs of RF?

A

nasal flaring, retractions, grunting, wheezing, anxiety, irritability, mood changes, HA, htn, confusion.

36
Q

What are some severe signs of hypoxia in RF?

A

dyspnea, bradycardia, cyanosis, stupor, coma.

37
Q

What are some Respiratory distress tx?

A

oxygenation, positioning, fluids, meds: bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids.

38
Q

In upper airway disorders we should watch for?

A

inspiratory stridor, barking cough, hoarseness

39
Q

In lower airway disorders we should watch for?

A

wheezes, crackles, high-pitched or absent sounds

Nursing 3800: Pediatrics (14 decks)

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