Calcitriol Calcium carbonate Sodium bicarbonate treats ___________ 1. specifically treats metabolic acidosis 2. specifically Treats hyperphosphatemia 3. specifically treats renal osteodystrophy

CKD 1. specifically treats metabolic acidosis - Sodium bicarbonate 2. specifically Treats hyperphosphatemia - Calcium carbonate 3. specifically treats renal osteodystrophy - Calcitriol

exam 2 drugs and additional notes Flashcards by Garrett Anderson

Contraindications for which drug?
- preexisting CV disease
- taking nitrate
- hypotension

sildenafil

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s/e
- transient burning and discomfort
- systemic effects if drops are not kept local

s/e
- Well tolerated

s/e
- burn/sting
- dry mouth
- fatigue
- h/a
- blurry vision
- hypotension

s/e
- stinging
- bitter taste
- allergic reactions – conjunctiva or lid reactions

Timolol
brimonidine
betaxolol
Latanoprost
dozolamide

Timolol
betaxolol
-
Latanoprost
-
brimonidine
-
dozolamide - 2nd line

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___________________Glomerulonephritis
- This type of glomerulonephritis is caused by an underlying systemic disease or infection.

Secondary Glomerulonephritis, Primary Glomerulonephritis

Secondary Glomerulonephritis

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Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)

Ciprofloxacin

treats ______

Pyelonephritis

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s/e
- Peripheral edema
- Nausea
- Ascites
- Dizzy
- Fatigue
- Pruritis
- Skin rash
- Abdominal pain
- Anemia

cirrhosis treatment
Lactulose or Rifaximin?

Rifaximin

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pancreatic enzymes
__________ = edema, necrosis, hemorrhage
___________= hemorrhage
___________= fat necrosis
___________ = edema, vascular permeability (fluid seeps into pancreas), smooth muscle contraction, shock
________ = fat necrosis

phospholipase A, trypsin, elastase, kallikrein, lipase

pancreatic enzymes
- trypsin = edema, necrosis, hemorrhage
- elastase = hemorrhage
- phospholipase A = fat necrosis
- kallikrein = edema, vascular permeability (fluid seeps into pancreas), smooth muscle contraction, shock
- lipase = fat necrosis

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bile flow obstruction -
what causes steatorrhea (fatty stool)

no bile salts are getting to stool b/c of obstruction
lack of bile salts decreases fat digestion = fatty stool

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Also used to treat male pattern baldness – increases hair growth

finasteride

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male reproductive drugs
MOA
- Inhibits PDE5 which increases and preserves cGMP levels

sildenafil (Viagra)

(PDE5 removes cGMP which is a key part of the erection process)

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Open angle glaucoma pharmacotherapy -
which drug(s) decreases aqueous humor production

timolol
betaxolol
Latanoprost
brimonidine
dozolamide

timolol
betaxolol
dozolamide - 2nd line

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s/e

h/a
flushing
dyspepsia - indigestion

which drug?

sildenafil

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Open angle glaucoma pharmacotherapy -
which drug(s)
decreases aqueous humor production
AND may also increase drainage of aqueous humor

timolol
betaxolol
Latanoprost
brimonidine

brimonidine

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Open angle glaucoma pharmacotherapy -
which drug(s) Increases outflow drainage of aqueous humor

timolol
betaxolol
Latanoprost
brimonidine
dozolamide

Latanoprost

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Timolol and betaxolol
Patient teaching:
- Must take, or it will progress to __________
- Apply ___________ pressure with instillation

Patient teaching:
- Must take, or it will progress to blindness
- Apply nasolacrimal pressure with instillation

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forms of alcoholic liver disease stages

o Fibrosis and scarring alter liver structure
o Irreversible

- Alcoholic cirrhosis

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which eye condition would someone come into ED with
-severe eye pain
-Typically Unilateral
-blurry
-halos
-red eyes
-dilated pupil – nonreactive to light
-cloudy cornea

closed glaucoma

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___________ jaundice is from increased RBC breakdown

Hemolytic

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s/e

Bladder irritation
Systemic infection
UTI type s/s

BCG vaccine: intravesical therapy

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monitor K+ = _______
Has been associated with increased risk of C diff – monitor = ________

cirrhosis treatment
Lactulose or Rifaximin?

Lactulose2. rifaximin

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types of kidney stones
UTIs are associated with _______
calcium is associated with ________
gout is associated with ________

stuvite
calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate
uric acid

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Kidney cancer
Renal cell carcinoma

risk factors
- smoking
- female
- obese
- high fat diet
- OA
- Genetics

which is the most significant risk factor?

smoking
X - male
obese
X- high fat diet
OA
Genetics

SMOKING = kidney cancer

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Calcitriol
Calcium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate

treats ___________

specifically treats metabolic acidosis
specifically Treats hyperphosphatemia
specifically treats renal osteodystrophy

CKD

specifically treats metabolic acidosis - Sodium bicarbonate
specifically Treats hyperphosphatemia - Calcium carbonate
specifically treats renal osteodystrophy - Calcitriol

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male reproductive drugs
MOA
- Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT

Study These Flashcards

finasteride - alpha 1 receptors
dutasteride - alpha 1 and 2 receptors

H
A
R
P

what are the manifestations and which issue is it associated with

Study These Flashcards

-Hematuria
-Azotemia – build-up of waste products
-Retention – Na and water retention + oliguria = edema and high BP
-Proteinuria

Glomerulonephritis

MOA Reduces blood ammonia levels by converting ammonia to ammonium (gets excreted via stool) cirrhosis treatment Lactulose or Rifaximin?

Lactulose

BCG vaccine: intravesical therapy treats _____

Stage 1 bladder cancer

Direct acting antiviral therapy Interferon based regiments Some require treatment along with a nucleoside analogue med as well which viral hep gets this treatment?

Hep C

_________ jaundice is from decreased or obstructed flow of bile, bilirubin can’t get out of liver (r/t gallstones)

- Obstructive

Lactulose Rifaximin treats _______

cirrhosis Lactulose 1st line Rifaximin 2nd line

pancreatic enzymes 4 = 3 = 1 = 1 = 1 =

- kallikrein = edema, vascular permeability (fluid seeps into pancreas), smooth muscle contraction, shock - trypsin = edema, necrosis, hemorrhage - elastase = hemorrhage - phospholipase A = fat necrosis - lipase = fat necrosis

forms of alcoholic liver disease stages o Precursor to cirrhosis o Inflammation o Degeneration of hepatocytes o Irreversible

2. - Alcoholic steatohepatitis

prostate cancer risk factors - male - black men - Asians and native American men - white men - OA - Familial tendency - High fat diet

- male - black men X- Asians and native American men X- white men - OA - Familial tendency - High fat diet

Finasteride ___creases prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels - measure PSA _____ and _______ - If PSA hasn't __creased = eval for________

- measure PSA before starting drug and 6 mos after starting drug - If PSA isn’t low = eval for prostate cancer

sildenafil treats 1. 2. 3.

- Relief of ED - Pulmonary arterial HTN - BPH

Interferons Nucleoside analogs treatment for which viral hep A, B, or C?

Chronic Hep B treatment is for these high risk pts only - Increased AST levels - Hepatic inflammation - Advanced fibrosis

finasteride dutasteride tamsulosin combination drug for treating BPH?

Prototype = dutasteride + tamsulosin

forms of alcoholic liver disease stages o Mild o Asymptomatic o Reversible

1. - Alcoholic fatty liver

male reproductive drugs MOA - Blocks alpha 1 receptors – relaxes smooth muscle cells in bladder, neck, prostate, and urethra - Selective for alpha receptors in prostate – will not have systemic effects

for BPH tamsulosin

MOA Inhibitis bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA cirrhosis treatment Lactulose or Rifaximin?

Rifaximin

1. Hep _____ vaccine - 2 doses, 6 months apart - Recommendations - All kids 12 months + - Special high risk populations 2. Hep ________ vaccine - 3 doses, 4 months apart - Recommendation - All newborns

1. Hep A 2. Hep B

LFT – liver function tests indicating liver dysfunction increase or decrease 1. liver enzymes ALT, AST, Alk Phos 2. Bilirubin 3. Ammonia 4. Protein and albumin 5. PTT prothrombin time

1. increase 2. increase 3. increase 4. decrease 5. increase

s/e - Impotence - Decreased libido - Gynecomastia – abnormal growth breast tissue s/e - Well tolerated - Abnormal ejaculation – doesn’t decrease PSA which BPH drug(s)?

finasteride dutasteride tamsulosin

- Alcoholic fatty liver - Alcoholic cirrhosis - Alcoholic steatohepatitis rank from mild to severe forms of alcoholic liver disease stages

1. - Alcoholic fatty liver 2. - Alcoholic steatohepatitis 3. - Alcoholic cirrhosis

- Live vaccine - Stimulates inflammatory response in bladder - Goal is for immune system to recognize cancerous cells and attack

BCG vaccine: intravesical therapy treats bladder cancer

Hyperosmotic laxative treats cirrhosis Lactulose Rifaximin

Lactulose

which issue is associated with fat female forty

Cholelithiasis - Obesity - Female - Middle aged - Use of oral contraceptives - Rapid weight loss - Native American - Genetics - Pancreatic or ileal disease

BCG vaccine: intravesical therapy Pt instructions 1. Empty bladder 2. Instill BCG vaccine into bladder – dwell time ___ hours 3. Change position q ___ mins - ______ for 6 hours post treatment - watch for infection - Take weekly for 6-12 weeks - Live vaccine – don’t give to _______

Pt instructions 1. Empty bladder 2. Instill BCG vaccine into bladder – dwell time 2 hours 3. Change position q 15 mins - Disinfect urine for 6 hours post treatment - watch for infection - Take weekly for 6-12 weeks - Live vaccine – don’t give to compromised immunity

Manifestations of AKI - Oliguria (goal is >30ml/hr or <400ml/24hr) - begins 1 day after hypotensive event and lasts 1-3 weeks - FVE - Metabolic acidosis and waste product accumulation (azotemia/uremia) – no excretion, build up of waste - Hyponatremia – no excretion, dilution issue - Hyperkalemia – no excretion, accumulation issue - Neurologic disorders – r/t hyponatremia so treatment could be 1. 2. 3.

1. diuretic = for FVE and associated accumulations 2. dextrose and insulin = for hyperkalemia 3. sodium polystyrene sulfonate = for hyperkalemia

timolol or betaxolol contraindications: - same as oral beta blockers - asthma - COPD - Sinus bradycardia - Heart failure

timolol

Disadvantage of ___________ treatment - Prolonged - Costs - s/e - high relapse

chronic hep B Interferons Nucleoside analogs

__________________Glomerulonephritis - This type of glomerulonephritis is caused by a direct insult to the glomeruli themselves. Secondary Glomerulonephritis, Primary Glomerulonephritis

Primary Glomerulonephritis

cirrhosis treatment Lactulose T/F - Reduction of ammonia absorption in hepatic encephalopathy - high ammonia levels alone is an indication - must have s/s of hepatic encephalopathy and high ammonia levels to be an indication

- Reduction of ammonia absorption in hepatic encephalopathy - Not just given for high ammonia levels – must have s/s of hepatic encephalopathy

- Females caution in handling – tetragenic for preg. Women, may cause birth defect in male fetus

finasteride

___________ jaundice is from liver is unable to take up bilirubin from blood, or unable to conjugate it

- Hepatocellular

sildenafil safety teaching: - don’t take with _______ – will pass out b/c of drop in BP - what do you do if you have chest pain or signs of heart attack during sex? - _________ is a rare side effect that would require patient to seek emergency care - don’t take more than ___ per day - priapism – erection is painful or lasts >___ hours = medical emergency

safety teaching: - don’t take with nitrates – will pass out b/c of drop in BP - chest pain or signs of heart attack during sex = call 911 - sudden loss of vision in eye(s) or hearing - don’t take more than 1 per day - priapism – erection is painful or lasts >4 hours = medical emergency

- Males can’t donate blood while taking this med

finasteride

exam 2 drugs and additional notes Flashcards

(56 cards)