Exam 2/Quiz 7- Chemical & Physical Processes of Digestion Flashcards Preview

BIO 322- Anatomy & Physiology Lab > Exam 2/Quiz 7- Chemical & Physical Processes of Digestion > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exam 2/Quiz 7- Chemical & Physical Processes of Digestion Deck (35)
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1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Elimination
2
Q

What are the two forms of digestions?

A
  1. Mechanical

2. Chemical

3
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

Mouth

4
Q

What does mechanical digestion consist of? What structures does it involve?

A
  1. Chewing, Physical breaking up of food

2. Teeth, Tongue, Palate

5
Q

What does chemical digestion consist of? What is an example of it?

A
  1. Breaking down of an organic compound by enzymes

2. Hydrolysis

6
Q

What are 3 things involved in chemical digestion?

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Lysozyme
  3. Salivary amylase
7
Q

What antibody does saliva contain?

A

IgA

8
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A
  1. Parotid Glands
  2. Sublingual Glands
  3. Submandibular Glands
9
Q

Lysozyme: _______

A

Bacteriostatic

10
Q

What is the purpose of salivary amylase?

A

To digest startch to disaccharide

11
Q

What are the two phases swallowing? (list involuntary/voluntary)

A
  1. Buccal phase (Voluntary)

2. Pharyngeal-esophageal phase (Involuntary)

12
Q

Describe the peristaltic movements of digestion.

A

Waves of contraction followed by waves of relaxation that squeeze the foodstuffs through the alimentary canal

13
Q

Describe the segmental movements of digestion. What is the purpose of these movements?

A
  1. Local constrictions of the organ wall that occur
    rhythmically
  2. Mainly to mix foodstuffs with digestive juices and to increase the rate of absorption
14
Q

What does the inner lining of the stomach have? What do they secrete? What is the purpose of this?

A
  1. Gastric pits and gastric glands
  2. Secrete HCl
  3. Makes the food more acidic
15
Q

What is pepsin produced by?

A

Stomach

16
Q

Pepsinogen is converted to _____. This is by the action of ____. Pepsinogen is the ____ ____ of pepsin.

A
  1. pepsin
  2. HCL
  3. inactive form
17
Q

What is pepsin/function of pepsin?

A

Pepsin is a protease that breaks down proteins

18
Q

What is gastric juice?

A

Mixture of HCl and pepsin

19
Q

Partially digested food = ______.

A

chyme

20
Q

Partially digested food (Chyme) from the stomach enters the ___ ____ via the ____ ____ at the ______.

A
  1. Small Intestine
  2. pyloric sphincter
  3. Duodenum
21
Q

Small Intestine: Only small in ____ but very _____.

A

diameter/lengthy

22
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine, and state their length.

A

1, Duodenum (10in)

  1. Jejunum (8ft)
  2. Ileum (12ft)
23
Q

Maximum absorption occurs in the SI by the _____ produced and into the SI.

A

enzymes

24
Q

What are the 3 main features of the inner lining of the small intestine?

A
  1. Plicae circulares (circular folds)
  2. Villi
  3. Brush border (microvilli)
25
Q

What is the purpose of the 3 main features of the inner lining of the small intestine?

A

to increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

26
Q

The pancreas and liver are digestive ____ ____.

A

accessory organs

27
Q

Source/Function:

Amylases

A
  1. Pancreas

2. Breaks down starch

28
Q

Source/Function:

Trypsin

A
  1. Pancreas

2. Breaks down Proteins

29
Q

Source/Function:

Lipase

A
  1. Pancreas

2. Digest Lipids

30
Q

Source/Function:

HCO3- (bicarbonate)

A
  1. Pancreas

2. Neutralize stomach acid

31
Q

Source/Function:

Bile

A
  1. Liver
  2. – Surfactant
    – Emulsification
    – Physically breaks down fat
32
Q

What is a surfactant?

A

stabilizes emulsion and increases surface area

33
Q

Where is bile temporarily stored?

A

gall bladder

34
Q

What 4 chemicals does the pancreas produce?

A
  1. Amylases
  2. Trypsin
  3. Lipase
  4. Bicarbonate
35
Q

Enzymes act on _____.

A

substrates