What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?
Vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?
Males: 78 mm
Females: 72 mm
What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skins for each gender?
A little over 30 mm for both genders
What joint classifications are observed at C1?
- Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
- Synovial diarthrosis
- Synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)
- Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?
5
What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?
Two superior articular facets, two inferior facets and the fovea dentis
What names are given to C2
Axis or epistropheus
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
The dens or odontoid process
How many joint surfaces are Present on the odontoid process of C2?
5
What joint surfaces are present on the t odontoid process of C2?
- facet for the fovea dentis
- groove for the transverse Atlantal ligament
- attachment sites for the alar ligaments
- attachment site for the apical-dental ligament
Which joint classifications are represented at the odontoid process of C2?
Fibrous (ampiarthrosis) syndesmosis and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint
What is the name/ classification given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed posterior?
Lordotic dens
What is the name/ classification given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed anterior?
Kyphosis dens
How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
5
What joint classification are present at the inferior part fo the vertebral body of C2?
- fibrous (amphiarosis) syndesmosis
- modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
- synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid )
- Cartilaginous (ampiarthrosis) symphysis
What ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the PLL?
Membrana tectoria
What ligament forms the anterior boundary of the spinal canal above C2?
Membrana tectoria
What ligament forms the anterior boundary below C2?
PLL
What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?
On the lamina-pedicle junction
What attaches to the lamina of C2?
Obliquus capitis inferior muscles, posterior Atlanta-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum
What muscles attaches to the lamina of C2?
Obliquus capitis inferior
What is the appearance of the superior articular facet of C2?
Backwards, upwards, and lateral (BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C2?
Forward, lateral and down (FoLD)
What muscles attaches to the articular processes of C2?
Longissimus cervicis
