Exam 2 Ureters Bladder And Urethra Flashcards
(19 cards)
Ureters
10 to 12-in long tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the posterior side of the bladder
Prevention of backflow into the ureters
Pressure is created as the bladder fills compressing the opening preventing the backflow of urine
Location of ureters
Retroperitoneal
Purpose of smooth muscle in the wall of the ureters
Helps to propel material with slight contractions
Peristalsis
Layers of the smooth muscle in the wall of the ureters
Three layers in three different directions
The mucosa layer
The muscularis layer
The adventitia layer
Mucosa layer of the ureters
Made of transitional epithelium
Muscularis layer
Circular and longitudinal with an added oblique layer near the entry into the bladder
Adventitia layer of the ureters
The outer layer made of areolar CT which allows for the passage of vessels, nerves and anchors
Trigone
Thick layers of smooth muscle in the bladder
Contract to make sure all contents of bladder are released
Location of bladder
Lays anteriorly to the rectum in males
In females anterior to the rectum inferior to the uterus
Women have less space. That’s why they have to pee more than men
Bladder mucosa layer
Similar to that of the uterus with mucus protection and transitional epithelium
Has folds called rugae to allow expansion?
Bladder muscularis or detrusor muscle shape
Three layers parallel perpendicular and oblique
Visceral peritoneum of the bladder
Serosa
Internal urethral sphincter
Made of circular layer of smooth muscle
Involuntary
External urethral sphincter
Inferior to internal and made of skeletal muscle and is voluntary
Process of urination
As the bladder feels stretch, receptors are activated
Stimulate S2 and S3 which stimulates the mixturation reflex
Parasympathetic stimulation to the wall of the bladder causes contraction and the internal sphincter relaxes
Simultaneously, the somatic nerves controlling the external sphincter are inhibited
You control the external sphincter
Urination reflex in children
Children must be taught to anticipate the feeling associated with the need to urinate
Urethra location
Leads from the bladder to outside of the body
Urethra structure in males and females
In mails is approximately 8 in Long
Consists of the prostatic membranous and spongy regions
Receive secretions from a seminal vesicles prostate and bulborethral glands
In females is approximately 1.5 in Long laying posterior to the pubic symphysis. The external urethral orifus lays between the clitoris and the vaginal opening
