Exam 2 - Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Minerals

Question 1

(T/F): all herbals are NOT considered dietary supplements

Answer 1

False

Question 2

(T/F): supplements can make drug claims

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Who created the category of dietary supplements

Answer 3

DSHEA

Question 4

Which vitamins are fat soluble

Answer 4

ADEK

Question 5

What is beta-carotene

Answer 5

Vitamin A

Question 6

What vitamin causes severe flushing

Answer 6

Niacin

Question 6

What is another name for folic acid

Answer 6

Vitamin B9

(Take when pregnant, so think 9 months pregnant = B9)

Question 7

A deficiency in what vitamin can cause scurvy

Answer 7

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 7

What vitamin is combined with doxylamine to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Answer 7

B6 (pyridoxine)

(doxylamINE + pyridoxINE)

Question 8

What vitamin should pregnant women take to avoid neural tube defects? What dose?

Answer 8

B9 600 mcg

(9 months pregnant = B9)

Question 8

Which vitamin causes blood to clot and can be used as the antidote for warfarin overdoses

Answer 8

Vitamin K

(K for klotting)

Question 9

Which vitamin should be given with calcium

Answer 9

Vitamin D

(Because they’re both used for Da bones)

Question 10

Which natural product is important for hemoglobin transporting oxygen

Answer 10

Iron

(Think hemoglobin in blood, iron in blood)

Question 11

How much elemental iron will a patient receive from a 300 mg ferrous FUMARATE tablet

Answer 11

99 mg

Question 11

What is the max dose of calcium that should be taken AT ONE TIME

Answer 11

500 mg

Question 12

RJ is a 59 year old man who is taking a PPI. He wants a recommendation on which calcium supplement he should take. What do you recommend?

Answer 12

Calcium citrate

(Because you cit up to make acid reflux better + he’s on a PPI)

Question 13

How much elemental iron will a patient receive from a 325 mg ferrous SULFATE tablet

Answer 13

65 mg

Question 13

A deficiency in ______ can cause Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Answer 13

Vitamin B1

(Because people B having 1 brain)

Question 14

Anticonvulsants can cause a deficiency in ______

Answer 14

Calcium

(Because without Calcium, you’ll Convulse)

Question 15

How much vitamin D do infants who are exclusively breastfed require

Answer 15

400 IU

(Vitamin D 4 infants)

Question 16

All women of child bearing age should have ______ amount of folic acid a day

Answer 16

400 mcg

Question 17

Taking over ______ of _______ daily increases risk of CVD

Answer 17

400 IU
Vitamin E

Question 18

What is ascorbic acid

Answer 18

Vitamin C

Question 19

What is another name for thiamine

Answer 19

Vitamin B1

Question 20

Calciferol

Answer 20

Vitamin D

Question 20

What can metformin deplete

Answer 20

Vitamin B12 (Commonly see diabetics getting the B12 injections)

Question 20

What can orlistat deplete

Answer 20

Fat soluble vitamins (Because it’s for weight loss; depleting fat = depleting fat soluble vitamins)

Question 21

Symptoms of a vitamin A deficiency

Answer 21

Night blindness Hyperkeratosis Loss of appetite (Thick skin, can’t see, can’t eat)

Question 21

What can methotrexate deplete

Answer 21

Folate (Methotrexate has pregnancy contraindication, likely for this reason)

Question 22

Cholecalciferol

Answer 22

Vitamin D3

Question 22

Ergocalciferol

Answer 22

Vitamin D2

Question 23

This vitamin is important in formation of bone, maintaining calcium levels, and parathyroid regulation

Answer 23

Vitamin D (Because calcium and vit D are for Da bones)

Question 24

A deficiency in what vitamin may cause rickets in children

Answer 24

Vitamin D (D for Da bones)

Question 25

Phytonadione

Answer 25

Vitamin K1

Question 26

Menaquinone

Answer 26

Vitamin K2

Question 27

Menadione

Answer 27

Vitamin K3

Question 28

This vitamin is an antioxidant and protects against cellular membrane oxidative damages

Answer 28

Vitamin E Key is that it’s an antioxidant (mEmbrane)

Question 28

What vitamin aids the absorption of iron

Answer 28

Vitamin C

Question 29

What vitamin promotes blood clotting

Answer 29

Vitamin K (Klotting)

Question 30

What vitamin has specialized function in the eye

Answer 30

Vitamin A (beta carotene)

Question 31

Children with a very low birth weight may have this deficiency

Answer 31

Vitamin E (Tiny babies are Eepy)

Question 32

What vitamins interact with warfarin

Answer 32

Vitamin A Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin K (Even A Bit [of] Coumadin Kills)

Question 32

Patients who are symptomatic of this deficiency require IV treatment due to low bioavailability

Answer 32

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) (B for Bioavailability + 1 IV used)

Question 32

Side effects of iron supplementation

Answer 32

Constipation Diarrhea Tar like stool Nausea Itching (basically all the GI issues + itching) (Iron Don’t Take No Crap)

Question 33

What vitamin can cause orange/yellow discoloration of the urine

Answer 33

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) (Urine could B 2 colors)

Question 33

A decrease in ____ can cause convulsions, changes/slowness in behavior/personality, and bone deformities

Answer 33

Calcium (Without Calcium, you’ll Convulse)

Question 33

What is the max DAILY dose of calcium

Answer 33

3000 mg

Question 34

Signs/symptoms of iron deficiency

Answer 34

Pallor Spoon shaped nails Coldness in extremities (Coldness and pallor [paleness] are due to the lack of blood flow and the spoons are made of iron)

Question 35

Signs/symptoms of vitamin C deficiency

Answer 35

Fatigue Bleeding gums Petechiae (little red bumps) (bumpy, bleeding, and begging for sleep)

Question 36

______ may help to relieve symptoms of PMS

Answer 36

Vitamin B6

Question 37

What does vitamin B6 deficiency look like

Answer 37

- Irritability in children - Decreased production of RBCs - Oral lesions - Scaliness of nose, mouth, eyes (B6 Is Seeing Dead Ones)

Question 38

What vitamin is active in all cells

Answer 38

Vitamin B12 (See this one the most in the pharmacy so it seems important)

Question 39

Folic acid deficiency can cause ______

Answer 39

Megaloblastic anemia (Folic acid is mega important)

Question 40

What is the only described deficiency state of niacin

Answer 40

Pellagra

Question 41

Fluoride is considered a _____

Answer 41

Trace element

Question 41

What are the 3 Ds of pellagra

Answer 41

Dermatitis Dementia Diarrhea (Pellagra = you’re shitting and itching and can’t remember why)

Question 42

What does fluoride in the body affect

Answer 42

Bone health Teeth enamel (Fluoride in toothpaste and teeth are bones)

Question 43

What is goiter a sign of

Answer 43

Moderate deficiency in iodine (It only takes a moderate deficiency but we don’t have to worry about it because iodine is added to all our food)

Question 43

Is iodine deficiency common in the US

Answer 43

No - it’s added to all the food so we don’t have to worry about it

Question 44

What is a cofactor in the synthesis of DNA and RNA

Answer 44

Zinc

Question 45

Is zinc deficiency common in the US

Answer 45

No - we mainly get it from meat

Question 46

When should zinc be taken

Answer 46

1 hour before a meal OR 2 hrs after a meal

Question 47

______ can be used for wound healing

Answer 47

Vitamin C (My mom’s name is Carrie and used to work in wound care)

Question 48

Is iodide water or fat soluble

Answer 48

Water soluble (ADEK = fat soluble, anything else is water soluble)

Question 49

A side effect of iodine intoxication is

Answer 49

Unpleasant taste (Think about how iodine looks - it just looks like it tastes gross)