exam 3 Flashcards
(232 cards)
1
Q
dictyocaulus spp common name
A
ruminant lungworm
2
Q
dictyocaulus spp location
A
trachea and bronchi
3
Q
dictyocaulus viviparus main host
A
cattle
4
Q
dictyocaulus filaria main host
A
small ruminants
5
Q
dictyocaulus spp are trichostrongyles, their lifecycle is ___
A
direct
6
Q
dictyocaulus spp shed stage
A
L1
7
Q
dictyocaulus spp infective stage
A
L3
8
Q
dictyocaulus spp transmission route
A
ingestion of L3 while grazing
9
Q
dictyocaulus spp have hypobiosis at which stage
A
L4
10
Q
___ can faciliate the spread of dictyocaulus larvae
A
pilobolus fungi
11
Q
dictyocaulus pathogenesis
A
intermittent coughing - “husk”
bronchitis, pneumonia, resp. distress
12
Q
dictyocaulus distribution
A
temperate climates with high rainfall
13
Q
dictyocaulus dx
A
baermann method
14
Q
control of dictyocaulus
A
vaccination
15
Q
protostrongylus rufescens and muellerius capillaris main host
A
small ruminants
16
Q
prostrongylus rufescens and muellerius capillaris site
A
lung parenchyma
17
Q
prostrongylus and muellerius are protostrongylids, the common name is
A
small lungworms
18
Q
protostrongylids IH
A
gastropod (snail)
19
Q
protostrongylids pathology
A
lung lesions
20
Q
protostrongylids shed stage
A
L1
21
Q
protostrongylids infective stage
A
L3
22
Q
unique morphology of muellerius L1
A
kinked tail and dorsal spine
23
Q
protostrongylid development in IH is ___ dependent
A
temperature
24
Q
protostrongylid L3 are ____
A
environmentally resistant
25
parelaphostrongylus tenuis common name
brain worm/meningeal worm
26
parelaphostrongylus DH
white tailed deer
27
parelaphostrongylus dead-end hosts are cattle, sheep, goat, alpacas and horses, in these hosts they cause
severe neurological disease
28
contributed to moose population decline
parelaphostrongylus
29
parelaphostrongylus spill over from
WTD
30
parelaphostrongylus shed stage
L1
31
parelaphostrongylus IH
slugs/snails
32
morphology of brainworm L1
kinked tail and dorsal spine
33
thelazia spp common name
eyeworm
34
thelazia morphology
small thin yellowish
35
thelazia pathology
lacrimation
conjunctivitis
photophobia
severe - opaque cornea
36
setaria spp common name
bovine abdominal filariosis
37
setaria main hosts
cattle, buffalo
38
adult setaria site
peritoneum, pleural cavity
39
microfilaria setaria site
blood
40
setaria IH
mosquitoes
41
setaria pathogenesis normally has little clinical significance, but what can occur when nervous tissue is affected
locomotor disturbances in the hindlimbs
42
stephanofilaria stilesi common name
dermal nematode of cattle
43
stephanofilaria site
dermis (L1), hair follicles (adults)
44
stephanofilaria IH
hornfly
45
stephanofilaria pathology
granulomatous and ulcerative lesions on the skin
cyst-like structures at the base of hair follicles, flanks, udder, face and neck
46
true or false: stephanofilaria can recur for years
true
47
true or false: resistance in stephanofilaria
true
48
moniezia spp common name
ruminant tapeworm
49
moniezia benedeni DH
cattle, buffalo
50
moniezia expansa DH
sheep, goat
51
moniezia infection is common in ____ and is seasonal
first year calves
52
moniezia IH
forage/grain mites
53
moniezia infective stage
cysticercoid
54
moniezia dx
mcmaster - square or diamond shaped eggs
55
thysanosoma actinioides common name
fringed tapeworm
56
thysanosoma actinioides DH
cattle, sheep, deer
57
thysanosoma actinioides site
small intestine, bile and pancreatic ducts
58
thysanosoma actinioides morphology
segments short and fringes posteriorly
59
what is the economic loss of thysanosoma
condemnation of livers
60
thysanosoma eggs
egg packets
61
ruminants are intermediate hosts of ____, meaning they will only have the metacestode stage
larval tapeworms
62
when are larval tapeworms normally dx in ruminants
necropsy or meat inspection
63
cysticercus bovis IH
cattle
64
cysticercus bovis metacestode site
muscle, heart
65
cysticercus ovis IH
sheep and goats
66
cysticercus ovis metacestode site
muscle
67
cysticercus tenuicollis IH
sheep, goats, cattle, pigs
68
cysticercus tenuicollis metacestode site
liver, peritoneal cavity
69
coenurus cerebalis IH
sheep
70
coenurus cerebralis metacestode site
brain, cns
71
hydatid cyst IH
ruminants, pigs, humans
72
hydatid metacestode site
lungs, liver
73
cysticercus bovis common name
beef measles
74
cysticercus bovis is the larval stage of
taenia saginata
75
cysticercus bovis affects the muscles of
heart, diaphragm, tongue, jaw
76
hydatid cyst is the larval stage of
echinococcus granulosus
77
cysticercus ovis is the larval stage of
taenia ovis
78
most important pathological lesion found in imported meat from australia
cysticercus ovis
79
coenuriosis is the larval stage of
taenia multiceps
80
coenuriosis site
cerebral parenchyma of sheep
81
how can humans get coenurosis
ingestion of t. multiceps eggs (not by eating the cyst)
82
fluke IH
snail (gastropods)
83
fasciola hepatica common name
common liver fluke
84
fasciola hepatica DH
ruminants
85
fasciola hepatica location
biliary ducts, gall bladder
86
number 1 fluke problem for grazing sheep and goats
fasciola hepatica
87
fascioloides magna common name
giant liver fluke
88
fascioloides magna DH
deer, moose
- cattle dead end
- sheep/goats incidental
89
fascioloides magna location
liver, rarely lungs and intestine
90
fascioloides magna distribution
north america
91
dicrocoelium spp common name
lancet fluke
zombie ant fluke
92
dicrocoelium spp DH
cattle, sheep, goats, pigs
93
dicrocoelium location
biliary ducts, gall bladder
94
dicrocoelium second IH
ants
95
paramphistomum spp common name
rumen fluke
96
T or F: fasciola hepatica is zoonotic
true
97
liver fluke shed stage
eggs
98
liver fluke infective stage
metacercariae
99
f. hepatica pathology
subclinical usually
anemia, hypoalbuminaemia, submandibular edema, calcified bile ducts"pipe stem liver"
100
f. hepatica acute pathology in lambs/calves
severe hemorrhage of liver
sudden death
101
fluke dx
sedimentation
102
how can humans get hepatic fascioliasis
ingestion of metacercaria, usually from contaminated watercress
103
fascioloides magna common name
giant liver fluke
104
main hosts of f. magna
deer, elk, caribou
105
dead end hosts of f. magna
cattle, moose, small ruminants
106
why is f. magna usually fatal in sheep
extensive uninterrupted hepatic migration without encapsulation
107
why is control of f. magna difficult
has a wildlife reservoir
108
dicrocoelium dendriticum common name
zombie ant fluke, lancet fluke
109
d. dendriticum site
bile duct
110
d. dendriticum IH
land snails and ants
111
why is d. dendriticum called the zombie ant fluke
causes behavioral manipulation of ants to inc chances of transmission
112
flagellates that infect ruminants
tritrichomonas fetus
giardia
113
intestinal apicomplexa that infect ruminants
eimeria
cryptosporidium
114
systemic apicomplexa that infect ruminants
neospora
toxoplasma
sarcocystis
115
blood apicomplexa that infect ruminants
babesia
116
tritrichomonas foetus site
genital mucosa of cows and bulls
117
tritrichomonas is ____ transmitted
sexually
118
tritrichomonas effect on infected cows
early embryonic death
infertility
119
infective stage of tritrichomonas
trophozoites
- no free living or cyst stage
120
dx of tritrichomonas
epidemiological clues - 50-80% open cows
culture and PCR
121
control of tritrichomonas
cull infected bulls
122
ruminants may act as a source of zoonotic infections for which protozoa
giardia
123
dx of giardia in ruminants
fecal flotation (ZnSO4)
124
eimeria site
GIT
125
eimeria causes
coccidiosis
126
ordinary coccidiosis infects
young calves 2-6m
any time of year
127
winter coccidiosis
cold snap/winter stress
first month of confinement
no oocyst in feces
128
nervous coccidiosis
nervous signs
high mortality
feedlot cattle during winter
large # oocysts in feces
Canada and N. US
129
risk factors for coccidiosis
extreme weather changes
dirty env
stress
130
clinical signs of eimeria
bloody mucous diarrhea
dehydration, pale mucous membrane
prolapse of rectal membrane
131
which crypto species is most important and affects calves <1m, sheep, goat, horses and humans
c. parvum
132
T or F: crypto oocysts are immediately infective
T
133
pathogenesis of c. parvum
debilitating diarrhea in calves
damage to villi
134
treatment of cryptosporidiosis
fluids
electrolytes
colostrum to calves
135
implication of c. parvum resistance to chlorine
can get infected through pools
136
major cause of bovine aportion among dairy cows
neospora caninum
137
tranmission of neospora in cows
transplacental
138
most common cause of infectious abortion in sheep and goat
toxoplasmosis
139
how is toxoplasmosis transmitted to the fetus, causing necrosis
via bloodstream to placental cotyledons
140
how do ruminants get infected with toxoplasmosis
accidental ingestion of oocysts via contaminated water or vegetables
141
sarcocystis site
tissues/muscles
142
pathogenesis of sarcocystis
direct destruction of vascular endothelial and muscle cells
hair loss around eyes, neck, tail (rat tail)
143
shed stage of sarcocystis
sporocyst with 4 sporozoites
144
babesia is transmitted by
ticks
145
babesia pathogenesis
pyrexia, haemoglobinuria, anemia, icterus, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, dark colored urine, neurologic signs
146
what can be seen in babesia infected RBCs
apple seed like merozoites
147
surface mites of ruminants
chorioptes sp
psoroptes sp
148
burrowing mites of ruminants
sarcoptes sp
demodex sp
149
at what time of the year is chorioptes common
winter
150
pathogenesis of chorioptes
severe localized pruritis
alopecia, crusting, oozing, +/- ulcers
151
T or F: chorioptes is highly contagious between different species
T
152
at what time of year and where is psoroptes common
winter, europe
153
pathogenesis of psoroptes
severe generalized pruritis
154
is psorptes contagious
contagious only between same species
155
what mite has the common names:
leg mange, foot and tail mange, symbiotic mange, barn itch
chorioptic mange
156
most common type of mange in ruminants in the US
chorioptic mange
157
where does chorioptic mange usually begin
legs - may spread to scrotum in rams
158
what is the US distribution of psoroptic mange
southwestern US
159
sarcoptic mange pathogenesis
intense pruritis
follicular papules and crusts
skin thickening
160
demodectic mange is caused by
infestation in the hair follicles
161
demodectic mange pathogenesis
non pruritic papules and nodules
162
surface mites dx
KOH digest of superficial skin scrape
163
rhipicephalus (boophilus) tick common name
cattle fever ticks
164
where is CFT endemic
south Texas, Mexico
165
cattle tick transmits
babesia spp
anaplasma
166
haemophysalis longicornis common name
asian long horn tick
167
asian long horn tick is a 3 host species, with the adults on LA and the larvae/nymph on ___
birds
small mammals
168
dermacentor albipictus common name
winter tick/moose tick
169
pathogenesis of d. albipictus
hairless syndrome
170
how many hosts does d. albipictus have
1
171
otobius megnini (soft tick) common name
spinose ear tick
172
how many hosts does o. megnini have
1
173
T or F: all stages of o. megnini are parasitic
F - only larvae and nymph, adults are free living
174
chewing lice of ruminants
darnalina spp
175
sucking lice of ruminants
haematopinus spp
linognathus vituli
solenopotes capillatus
176
what time of year is lice a problem in ruminants
winter
177
hypoderma spp common name
cattle bot flies/cattle grubs
178
where do larvae of hypoderma bovis overwinter
epidural fat of the spinal cord
179
if h. bovis larvae are killed, what is the pathogenesis
stiffness, ataxia
muscular weakness
hindlimb paralysis
180
where do larvae of hypoderma lineatum overwinter
sub mucosa of the esophagus
181
if h. lineatum larvae are killed, what is the pathogenesis
inflammation of esophageal wall
dysphagia, drooling, bloat
182
cochliomyia hominivoraz common name
new world screworm
183
c. hominovoraz pathogenesis
larvae feed on raw flesh of host - big gaping wounds exposing bone
184
oetrus ovis common name
nasal bot fly of sheep
185
calliphorids common name
blowflies of sheep
186
pathogenesis of blowfly larvae
hatch on the skin and feed on tissues
187
risk factors for blowflies
warm humid weather
wounds
dirty wool sheep
188
blood feeding flies of ruminants
black fly
horn fly
sheep ked
189
simulium spp common name
black fly
190
haematobia irritans common name
horn fly
191
melophagus ovinus common name
sheep ked
192
which fly feeds on ocular and nasal secretions
musca autumnalis - face fly
193
which fly is a vicious biter which only breeds in running water
simulium - black fly
194
pathogenesis of biting flies in cattle
harassment
anemia - rare
dermatitis
hypersensitivity
pathogen transmission
195
which fly species is a permanent ectoparasite and resembles a tick
sheep ked
196
sheep ked can be a host for what blood protozoa
trypanosoma melaphagium
197
defect in hide due to allergic skin hypersensitivity caused by sheep ked
cockle
198
stomach worms of horses
drashia megastoma
habronema muscae
habronema microstoma
199
which species of stomach fly resides in tumor like swellings in the stomach
draschia
200
which species of stomach worm resides in the mucosal surface
habronema
201
IH of stomach worms
housefly, stable fly
202
cutaneous habronemiasis
summer sores - granulomatous skin reactions
203
pulmonary habronemiasis
small hazelnut-like nodules around the bronchi
204
ascarids (roundworms) of horses
parascaris equorum
parascaris univalens
205
parasite of foals with a high worm count at around 5m of age
parascaris spp
206
parascaris goes through ___ migration
hepato-tracheal
207
pathogenesis of parascaris
physical damage of liver, lungs, intestine
208
strongyloides westeri common name
equine threadworm
209
strongyloides westeri pathogenesis
small intestinal enteritis - diarrhea
resp. signs - larvae migrating to lung
cutaneous lesions
210
strongyloides westeri transmission routes
transmammary - most significant
skin penetration
oral
211
strongylus vulgaris common name
blood worm (large strongyle)
212
strongylus site
cecum and colon
213
strongylus transmission route
feco-oral on pasture
214
where do the strongylus larvae migrate and hang out for 4m
aorta
215
strongylus vulgaris pathogenesis
verminous arteritis
thrombus - may lead to necrosis
216
cyathostomins common name
small strongyles of horses
217
T or F: cyathostomins migrate beyond the mucous membrane
F
218
where do cyathostomins larvae undergo hypobiosis
large intestine mucosa
219
simultaneous emergence of cyathostomes in late winter/early spring causing the clinical syndrome
larval cyathostomiasis
220
larval cyathostomiasis pathogenesis
watery diarrhea, severe colic - mortality up to 50%
hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia
221
necropsy findings of larval cyathostomiasis
mucosal hyperemia
hemorrhage
congestion
ulceration or necrosis
222
oxyuris equi common name
pinworm - large intestinal nematode
223
oxyuris equi site
cecum, colon, rectum, perianal region
224
who is most susceptible to oxyuris equi
stabled horses, poor hygiene
225
clinical signs of pinworms
tail rubbing, automutilation
226
anoplocephala perfoliata common name
equine tapeworm
227
anoplocephala perfoliata site
ileum and cecum
228
anoplocephala IH
free living mites
229
how is anoplocephala transmitted
pasture
230
cause of spasmodic colic in horses
anoplocephala
231
anoplocephala has a (high or low) prevalence
high
232
how can eggs of anoplocephala perfoliata be identified
pyriform apparatus containing hexacanth embryo
