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Microbiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Disease caused by a pathogen

A

Infectious disease

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2
Q

Infectious disease transmissible from one human to another

A

Communicable disease

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3
Q

A communicable disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another

A

Contagious disease

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4
Q

Disease occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic location

A

Sporadic

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5
Q

Disease that is always present within the population of a particular geographic area

A

Endemic

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6
Q

Disease that has a greater than usual number if cases in a particular region, usually occurring within a relatively short time

A

Epidemic

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7
Q

Disease occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously

A

Pandemic

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8
Q

5 kingdoms

A

Monera, Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

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9
Q

What is the site if cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells

A

Cell membrane

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10
Q

Erythromycin and streptomycin bind to and alter the shape of what

A

70S bacterial ribosomes

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11
Q

What effect do lysozymes have on the bacterial cells if they are able to reach the cell wall?

A

Cause hydrolysis of structural polysaccharides in the cell walls of the bacteria

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12
Q

Which component of the cell wall is broken down by lysozyme?

A

Glycan(polysaccharide) portion of peptidoglycan

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13
Q

Treatments for helicobacter pylori

A

Tetracycline and flagyl

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14
Q

If the toxin is produced in the body it is

A

In Vivo

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15
Q

The toxin is produced in the food

A

In vitro

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16
Q

The time that elapses between ingestion and onset of symptoms

A

Incubation period

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17
Q

A neuromuscular disease, most severe form of food poisoning

A

Botulism

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18
Q

Gram reaction and respiration of clostridium botulinum

A

Gram positive anearobe

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19
Q

Reservoirs for clostridium botulinum (4)

A

Soil, dust, honey, neutral pH foods

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20
Q

______ is the usual cause of death in botulism cases

A

Respiratory failure

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21
Q

Staphylococcal food poisoning is a _______ intoxication

A

Gastroenteritis

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22
Q

Incubation period for staphylococcal food poisoning

A

30 min to 8 hrs (usually 2–4hrs)

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23
Q

Staphylococcus aureus produce _____ that produces staphylococcal food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin

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24
Q

Gram reaction and morphology of Salmonella t. And salmonella enteritidis

A

Gram negative, bacilli

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25
Q

Incubation period for salmonellosis

A

6-72 hrs (usually 12-36 hrs)

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26
Q

Salmonella sp. are non lactose fermenters and produce what kind of colonies on mackonkey agar

A

Colorless colonies

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27
Q

Gram and morphology of salmonella typhi

A

Gram negative bacilli

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28
Q

What types of toxin do salmonella typhi produce

A

Endo and exotoxins

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29
Q

Gram and morphology of Shigella dysenteriae

A

Gram Negative bacillus

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30
Q

Incubation period for shigellosis

A

1-3 days

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31
Q

Drug used to treat shigellosis

A

Fluoroquinolone

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32
Q

Viruses must have a living host therefore they are

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

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33
Q

Viruses are classified by

A

According to their host

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34
Q

Composition of virus

A

Protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core

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35
Q

The envelope of a virus is composed of

A

A lipid bilayer and proteins

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36
Q

Genome + capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

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37
Q

Function of envelope

A

Bind virus to host cell and cause lysis of cell

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38
Q

Disease most associated with AIDS patients

A

Pneumocystis pneumoniae

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39
Q

AZT is an antiviral that

A

Interferes with viral replication

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40
Q

Penicillin is ineffective for mycobacterium pneumoniae because

A

It has no cell wall

41
Q

Tiny hollow projections used to attach bacteria to surfaces, conjugation, and act as receptor sites for phages

A

Pili

42
Q

Vaccine used for poliomyelitis

A

SALK

43
Q

Core of poliomyelitis virus is

A

Single stranded RNA

44
Q

Transmission of polio virus

A

Fecal contamination

45
Q

Poliovirus multiply where

A

Mucous membranes of the intestine or pharynx

46
Q

Mode of transmission of Hepatitis type A and E

A

Ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water

47
Q

Disease resulting from the ingestion of toxin producing bacteria

A

Infection

48
Q

Disease resulting from the ingestion of preformed bacterial toxins

A

Intoxication

49
Q

The gram reaction and morphology of helicobacter pylori

A

Curved, gram-negative rod

50
Q

The gram reaction and morphology of campylobacter jejuni

A

Curved, gram-negative rod

51
Q

What is the motility of campylobacter jejuni?

A

Corkscrew-like motility

52
Q

What is the reservoir for helicobacter pylori?

A

Only known - humans

53
Q

How is helicobacter pylori transmitted?

A

Ingestion (oral-oral or fecal-oral)

54
Q

What is the treatment helicobacter pylori?

A

(For symptomatic infection)- tetracycline; flagyl; pepto-bismol

55
Q

What is the reservoir and mode of transmission for campylobacter jejuni?

A

Poultry; cattle; sheep; swine; rodents; birds; kittens; puppies

Ingestion of contaminated food: contact with infected animals (pets or farm animals); contaminated cutting boards (especially wooden citing boards, because they are porous)

56
Q

What is the incubation period for campylobacter jejuni?

A

1-10 days, usually 2-5 days

57
Q

What is the only flagellated protozoan known to cause intestinal disease in humans?

A

Giardia lamblia

57
Q

Transmission giardiasis lamblia occurs as result contaminated food supplies containing

A

Infectious cyst

58
Q

A dormant stage similar to endospore in bacteria that protozoans go through

A

Cyst stage

59
Q

What is the pathogenicity of giardia lamblia?

A

Organism invades and destroys the surface cells of the duodenum (uppermost portion of the small intestine)

60
Q

What is the treatment for giardia lamblia?

A

Antibiotics, flagyl (metronidazole)

61
Q

What is the reservoir for giardiasis lamblia?

A

The reservoir for this pathogen is the human. Also, the beaver and other wild domestic animals.

62
Q

What is the incubation period for giardiasis lamblia?

A

3-25 days or longer; usually 7-10 days

63
Q

Giardiasis lamblia toxin is produced where?

A

In vivo

64
Q

Do mycoplasmas have cell walls?

A

No

65
Q

Referred to as “energy parasites”

A

Chlamydias

66
Q

True or false: mycoplasmas appear pleomorphic when observed under a microscope

A

True

67
Q

True or false: mycoplasmas are pathogenic to many animals and some plants.

A

True

68
Q

True or false: mycoplasmas are resistant to penicillin, because they have no cell walls.

A

True

69
Q

When cultured colonies appear as tiny colonies called “fried egg colonies”

A

Mycoplasmas

70
Q

True or false: chlamydias produce ATP; however, the prefer to use ATP molecules produced by their host

A

True

71
Q

Chlamydias must live within a host cell therefore it is?

A

Obligate intracellular pathogen

72
Q

Chlamydias are transferred by?

A

Inhalation of aerosols or by direct contact between hosts

73
Q

Who loves you?

A

Wesley grooms

74
Q

What three different diseases can be caused by different serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

75
Q

Rickettsia must live within a host cell therefore it is?

A

Obligate intracellular pathogen

76
Q

True or false: rickettsia cannot be grown on/in artificial culture media in lab.

A

True

77
Q

What is the gram reaction of rickettsia?

A

Gram-negative

78
Q

True or false: rickettsia appear to have leaky cell membranes

A

True

79
Q

Arthropod vectors required for transmission?

A

Tick- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Lice- typhus (epidemic)
Flea- typhus (endemic)

80
Q

Incubation period for tuberculosis

A

4-12 weeks

81
Q

Looped DNA bits that replicate independently of single bacteria chromosome and genes usually nonessential for survival

A

Plasmids

82
Q

Clostridium produce which type of exotoxins

A

Neurotoxin

83
Q

Botulinal toxin affects

A

Nerve impulses, muscles relax

84
Q

Tetanus neurotoxin tetanospasmin affects what

A

Control of nerve transmission, muscles contract

85
Q

4 major enterotoxin producers

A

Vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhi, salmonella, shigella

86
Q

Exotoxin produced in toxic shock syndrome affects

A

Capillary walls

87
Q

Exotoxin produced in scalded skin syndrome affects

A

Epidermal layer of skin

88
Q

Streptococcus Exotoxins cause

A

RBC hemolysis

89
Q

3 categories of hemolysis

A

Beta, alpha, gamma

90
Q

Vaccine for mycobacterium bovis

A

PCG

91
Q

Chemicals that kill endospores

A

Formaldehyde and etheline oxide(gas)

92
Q

True/false shigella and salmonella cannot ferment lactose

A

True

93
Q

Bacterial reproduction is carried out by

A

Transverse binary fission

94
Q

Theory of early invasion for possibility of common characteristics between humans and bacteria

A

Endosymbiotic theory

95
Q

HIV “morphology”

A

Enveloped, Single stranded RNA

96
Q

HIV virus targets

A

T4 lymphocytes

97
Q

Kaposis sarcoma

A

Cancer associated with AIDS patients

98
Q

HEART stands for

A

Highly active retroviral therapy

Microbiology (3 decks)

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