Flashcards in Exam #3 Deck (183)
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1
There's no input of energy in ________ transport.
passive
2
What are the two modalities of passive transport?
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
3
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Simple diffusion: from high to low directly across a lipid bilayer without the assistance of any other molecule.
Facilitated diffusion: from high to low with the assistance of a transport protein
4
Most of the substances we need to get into the cell are _____/and or _______
polar and or charged
5
What are the two types of transport proteins?
Channels and carriers
6
Ions, which you may know as electrolytes...move through _______ _______.
channel proteins
7
Does water diffuse across a pure lipid bilayer?
Not easily, it is partially blocked
8
What are the water channels called to help in water diffusion?
Aquaporins
9
Water moves to areas of ______ solute concentration
higher
10
Water moves to where the solutes are _____ in concentration
higher
11
Water balance, also called ____________, is a primary level of homeostasis that all life must maintain
osmoregulation
12
Protists maintain osmoregulation by expelling excess water using a ________ _______.
contractile vacuole
13
As water comes in, the ____ ______ protects the cell from bursting
cell wall
14
What's the difference between a hypotonic and a hypertonic solution?
Hypotonic: low solute concentration, water flows into the cell
Hypertonic: high solute concentration, water flows out of the cell
15
Which of the three (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) environments does a plant prefer?
HYPOTONIC
16
Channels are _____ protein completely spanning the membrane
integral
17
Channels have a ________ pore that recognizes ____ type of solute
hydrophilic, ONE
18
All proteins have an elaborate confirmation...but some proteins have the ability to.....
change confirmation
19
A ______ protein can change its confirmation, and in so doing, it allows a solute to pass through
carrier
20
Now, who MOVES into cells this way?
Sugars. Glucose....
21
Now, who MOVES into cells this way? Sugars. Glucose....through the ______ transporter...fructose through the ______ transporter
glucose, fructose
22
Do lipids need channels or carriers?
No, they go right through
23
If we have this way of bringing sugar into the cell, why do we need active transport?
If the sugar is not high in the environment, which won't always be the case...in which case WE GOTTA FORCE!
WE NEED THAT GLUCOSE! WE NEED IT NOW!
24
Monosaccharides (sugars) and amino acids use _______
carriers
25
Carriers are ______ membrane protein..._____ and _____ molecules.
integral. polar and charged molecules
26
What are the two types of active transport?
Primary (1º) active transport
Secondary (2º) active transport
27
Primary (1º) active transport is the way we concentrate _____ through via ____ ______
ions via ion pumps
28
What is the energy that drives ion pumps?
ATP
29
Where do you find a concentration of sodium about the cell? Inside or outside the cell?
OUTSIDE
30
