Exam 3 - DM Flashcards
1
Q
Types of rapid acting insulins
A
humalog (lispro)
Novalog (aspart)
regular (novalin-R)
2
Q
types of intermediate insulins
A
NPH
3
Q
types of long acting insulins
A
lantus (glargine)
4
Q
onset for humalog
A
5-15 min
5
Q
peak for humalog
A
1-1.5 hr
6
Q
duration of humalog
A
3-4hr
7
Q
what is compatible with homolog and nova log?
A
NPH
8
Q
onset for novalog
A
15-30 min
9
Q
peak for novalog
A
1-3 hr
10
Q
duration for novalog
A
3-5 hr
11
Q
onset for regular insulin
A
30-60 min
12
Q
peak for regular insulin
A
2-4 hr
13
Q
duration for regular insulin
A
5-7 hr
14
Q
what is regular insulin compatible with?
A
all!!!!
15
Q
onset for NPH
A
1-2 hr
16
Q
peak for NPH
A
4-12 hr
17
Q
duration for NPH
A
18-24 hr
18
Q
what is NPH compatible with?
A
regular
19
Q
lantus onset
A
3-4 hour
20
Q
lantus peak
A
none
21
Q
lantus duration
A
24 hr
22
Q
lantus is compatible with…
A
NONE.
23
Q
what is the duration for mixed insulin
A
about 24 hr
24
Q
onset for mixed insulin
A
15-30 min
25
peak of mixed insulin
1-4/4-8 hr
26
what is the normal range for a diabetic for pre meal measures?
80-120 mg/dL
27
what is the normal range for a non diabetic for pre meal and bed time measures?
less than 100
28
what is the normal range for a diabetic for bed time measures?
100-140 mg/dL
29
what is the diabetics hemoglobin A1C?
less than 7%
30
what is a non diabetics hemoglobin A1C
less than 6%
31
normal range for triglycerides
less than 150
32
diabetic triglyerides
150-500
33
total cholesterol normal range
less than 200
34
high density lipoproteins (HDL) normal
40-59
35
high density lipoproteins (HDL) diabetic
less than 40
36
hypoglycemia riddle
cold and clammy, eat some candy
37
what is the diagnosis fasting blood glucose for diabetes?
over 126
38
what is the diagnosing 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test for diabetes?
over 200
39
what is an hemoglobin A1c?
3-4 month picture of what the blood glucose is
40
what is the eAG?
3-4 month picture - helps them understand their a1c
41
what races tend to have DM2 usually
native americans
african
hispanic
42
what type of DM has destruction of pancreatic islet B cells?
type 1
43
polydipsia
| polyphagia
excessive thirst
| excessive hunger
44
when do diabetics need more insulin?
when they are sick, infected or stressed
45
why is peak action most important?
that is when a diabetic is most at risk for hypoglycemia
46
what types of meds lower BG? (8)
```
aspirin
excess alcohol
anticoagulants
oral hypoglycemics
beta blockers
tricyclic antidepressants
tetracycline
MAO inhibitors
```
47
when should the diabetic be eating?
during onset times
48
what meds increase BG (6)
```
steroids
thiazide diuretics
thyroid agents
oral contraceptives
estrogen replacements
alcohol
```
49
what does a sulfonylureas medications do?
ELECTRICTIAN
| stimulate tired pancreas
50
what is a meglitinide?
same as sulfonylureas, or electrician
51
what is alpha glucosidase inhibitors
POLICE
| stop or slow down glucose absorption
52
what is thiazodendiones
LOCKSMITH
unlock cell receptor sites
more sensitive to insulin
53
what is a metformin
plumber
help fix leaky liver
release of glucose is lessened from liver
MSK uptake
54
who cannot take metformin
CHF patients, kidney failure, liver failure
55
when should you stop metformin
stop meds before 48 hr anesthesia
| or anything with dye or alcohol
56
what is a common side effect of metformin
lactic acidosis
57
when is urine testing used for diabetics?
to test for ketones
58
hot and dry sugars high
hyperglycemia
59
what is the dawn phenomena
2am to 6 am
| blood sugar spike
60
ketones
breakdown of fat and muscle for energy
61
diabetic ketoacidosis
buildup of acids (ketones) in bloodstream
62
```
lethargy
fatigue
visual disturbances
confusion/hostility
abdminal cramps
nausea
vomitting
tachypnea
tachycardia
hypotension
acetone breath
Polyuria
ph below 7.3
HCO3 below 15
dry mucous membranes
```
dka
63
how to treat DKA
insulin drip until less than 250
saline until lower than 300
potassium
find treatment
64
```
weakness
lethargy
change of LOC
loss of vision
hallucinations
polyuria
polydipsia
dehydration
dry mucous membranes
decreased turgor
ortho hypotens
elevated plasma glucose
```
HHNK
65
treatment of hhnk
fluids: electrolyte homeostasis
insulin until below 250
underlying cause
66
hypo glycemia
below 60
67
what is macrovascular
cardiovascular; ht., muscle wasting...big vessels
68
microvascular
eyes; pvd; small vessels
69
when should the sick diabetic check ketones
every 3 hours
70
when should the sick diabetic go to the doctor
when Bg is over 250 and ketones present for more than 24 hours
