Exam 3 -- Head Trauma and Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Exam 3 -- Head Trauma and Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Deck (29)
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1
Q

True or false: traumatic brain injuries are the leading cause of death in the US for people up to the age of 45.

A

True.

2
Q

When a TBI occurs, there is axonal rupture from shear forces. What types of neurotransmitters are released in response?

A

Excitatory (glutamate, acetylcholine). This also leads to the generation of free radicals.

3
Q

What rating scale, from 0 to 15, is used to rank a patient’s TBI symptoms and decide whether or not they need an ER visit?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

4
Q

What is the name for an area of cerebral bruising with localized edema?

A

Contusion. This is the most common finding of a TBI.

5
Q

What factors can help in determining when to do CT imaging for a TBI?

A
Less than 15 Glasgow score
Vomiting
Over age 65
Amnesia for more than 30 minutes
Seizures
Anticoagulant use
Alcohol use
6
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which is located between the skull and the dura?

A

Epidural

7
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which is located between the dura and the arachnoid?

A

Subdural

8
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which involves the venous blood supply?

A

Subdural

9
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which involves the arterial blood supply?

A

Epidural

10
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which has a more acute onset?

A

Epidural

11
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which has a slower onset?

A

Subdural

12
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which has a lenticular shape on a CT scan?

A

Epidural

13
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which has a lunar shape on a CT scan?

A

Subdural

14
Q

Comparing subdural vs epidural hematomas, which has the worse prognosis?

A

Subdural

15
Q

Which type of TBI is the most severe?

A

Diffuse axonal injury

16
Q

True or false: damage due to diffuse axonal injury is not as bad as it looks on imaging.

A

False; it is worse than appears on imaging.

17
Q

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is when repeated concussions cause cumulative neurologic defects, including an increase in risk for Alzheimer’s.

A

Free card.

18
Q

What is the survival rate of patients with bacterial meningitis?

A

25%

19
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis?

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

20
Q

What clinical findings might a patient with bacterial meningitis have?

A

Fever, HA/altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity

21
Q

If you performed a lumbar puncture on a patient with bacterial meningitis, what might you find?

A

Elevated opening pressure, elevated WBCs

22
Q

How would you treat bacterial meningitis?

A

IV vancomyin with ceftriaxone

23
Q

What are some viral causes of aspectic meningitis?

A

Enterovirus, herpes simplex, HIV, WNV, herpes zoster, mumps

24
Q

What are some fungal causes of aspectic meningitis?

A

Hisoplasm, candida

25
Q

What are some parasitic causes of aspectic meningitis?

A

Lyme

26
Q

What are some non-infectious causes of aspectic meningitis?

A

Lupus

27
Q

Encephalitis has more severe brain function abnormalities than meningitis.

A

Free card.

28
Q

What is the cause of most cases of encephalitis?

A

Viral (usually herpes simplex)

29
Q

True or false: encephalitis has a better survival rate than meningitis.

A

True.