Exam 3 Re-Do

Question 1

E.L. Thorndike’s studies of lerning started as an attempt to understand _______.

Answer 1

animal intelligence

Question 2

The law of effect says that _____.

Answer 2

behavior is a function of its consequences

Question 3

The training procedure Thorndike used in his famous experiments with cats is best described as _____.

Answer 3

discrete trial

Question 4

The free operant procedure is most associated with ______.

Answer 4

Skinner

Question 5

Studeis of delayed reinforcement document the importance _______.

Answer 5

contiguity

Question 6

The level of deprivation is less important when the reinforcer used is a/an ______ reinforcer.

Answer 6

secondary

Question 7

The one thing that all reinforcers have in common is that they ______.

Answer 7

strengthen behavior

Question 8

All of the following are useful tips for shaping behavior except _____.

Answer 8

never back up

Question 9

Shaping is the reinforcement of successive _________.

Answer 9

approximatioins of a desired behavior

Question 10

Schlinger and Blakely found that the reinforcing power of a delayed reinforcer could be increased by ______.

Answer 10

preceding the reinforcer with a stimulus

Question 11

The reappearance of previously effective behavior during extinction is called _____.

Answer 11

resurgence

Question 12

Negative reinforcement is also called ___________.

Answer 12

escape-avoidance training

Question 13

Thorndike plotted the results of his puzzle box experiements as graphs. The resulting curves show a/an ______ with succeeding trials.

Answer 13

decrease in time

Question 14

Operant learning is sometimes called ________ learning.

Answer 14

instrumental

Question 15

Clark Hull’s explanation of reinforcement assumes that reinforcers ______.

Answer 15

reduce a drive

Question 16

Money is a good example of a _____ reinforcer.

Answer 16

generalized

Question 17

Often the initial effect of an extinction procedure is an increase in the behavior called a/an extinction _______.

Answer 17

burst

Question 18

According to ______ theory, schoolchildren are eager to go to recess because the have been deprived of the opportunity to exercise

Answer 18

repsonse deprivation

Question 19

Resurgence may help account for _____.

Answer 19

regression

Question 20

_____ is a neurotransmitter that seems to be important in reinforcement.

Answer 20

Dopamine

Question 21

John spent his summer picking cantaloupes for a farmer. The farmer paid John a certain amount for every basket of cantaloupes picked. John worked on a _______.

Answer 21

fixed ratio schedule

Question 22

The schedule to use if you want to produce the most rapid learning of new behavior is _____.

Answer 22

CRF

Question 23

Bill spends his summer in the city panhandling. Every day he takes a position on a busy corner and accosts passersby saying, “Can you spare some change?” Most people ignore him, by every now and then someone gives him money. Bill’s reinforcement schedule is best described as a ______.

Answer 23

variable ratio schedule

Question 24

Refer to George’s Pigeons. George is using a procedure called ______.

Answer 24

stretching the ratio

Question 25

Refer to George's pingeons. Things are going pretty well for George until he jumps from reinforcing every tenth response to reinforcing every 50th response. At this point, the pigeon responds erratically and nearly stops responding entirely. George's pigeon is suffering from ____.

Answer 25

ratio strain

Question 26

Stanley wants to determine which of two reinforcement schedules is more attractive to rats. He trains a rate to press a lever for food, and then puts the rat into an experimental chamber containg two levers. Pressing one lever produces reinforcement on an FR 10 schedule, pressing the other lever produces reinforcement on an FI 10" schedule. Lever pressing is on a ______.

Answer 26

Concurrent schedule

Question 27

Refer to pigeon study. You predict that the bird will peck_____.

Answer 27

the red disk about twice as often as the green disk.

Question 28

Refer to pigeon study. The principle that allows you to predict the behavior of the pigeon is called the ______.

Answer 28

matching law

Question 29

A reduction in response rate following reinforcement is called a _____.

Answer 29

postreinforcement pause

Question 30

The schedule that is likely to produce a cumulative record with scallops is the _____.

Answer 30

FI schedule

Question 31

One explanation for the PRE implies that the effect is really an illusion. This is the _____.

Answer 31

response unit hypothesis

Question 32

CRF is synonomous with ____.

Answer 32

FR 1

Question 33

In schedules research, VD stands for _____.

Answer 33

variable duration

Question 34

Shirley trains a rat to press a lever and then reinforces lever presses on an FR 10 schedule when a red light is on, and an FI 10" schedule when a green light is on. In this case, lever pressing is on a ____.

Answer 34

multiple schedule

Question 35

Studies of choice involve _____.

Answer 35

concurrent schedules

Question 36

The study of reinforcement shedules suggest that the behavior we call stick-to-itiveness is largely the product of ____.

Answer 36

reinforcement history

Question 37

Your text reports the case of a man who apparently made hundreds of harrassing phone calls. The man's behavior was most likely on a/an _____.

Answer 37

VR schedule

Question 38

A schedule that does not require the performance of a particular behavior is the _____.

Answer 38

FT schedule

Question 39

In a _____ schedule, reinforcement is contingenet on the continuous performance of a behavior for some period of time.

Answer 39

fixed duration

Question 40

_____ is an excellent schedule for producing a high rate of behavior.

Answer 40

DRH

Question 41

Of the following explanations, the one that is most satisfactory from the standpoint of science is ____.

Answer 41

Harry has stick-to-itiveness because his parents praised him for sticking with projects

Question 42

Operant lerning may also be referred to as _____.

Answer 42

instrumental learning

Question 43

All of the following are recognized kinds of reinforcers except ____.

Answer 43

classical

Question 44

Thorndike emphasized that we learn mainly from ____.

Answer 44

success

Question 45

T/F One everyday example of a VR schedule is the lottery.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F When a response is plaed on exntinction, there is often an increae in emotional behavior.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F One effect of the extinction procedure is an increase in the variability of behavior.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T/F Unexpected reinforcers produce more dopamine than expected reinforcers.

Answer 48

true

Question 49

T/F Negative reinforcement and punishment are synonyms.

Answer 49

false

Question 50

Skinner generally used a free operant procedure in his research.

Answer 50

true