Exam 4

Question 1

What ion is responsible for the initial depolarization of cardiac muscle as it travels from the inside of a muscle cell to the outside of the cell?

Answer 1

Potassium

Question 2

The heart is located between ribs

Answer 2

4,5,6

Question 3

The coccygeal vein is an appropriate location to administer small doses of IV medications for which animal?

Answer 3

Bovine

Question 4

Which camber of the heart send oxygenated blood to systemic circulation when it contracts?

Answer 4

left ventricle

Question 5

What structure is also known as the pacemaker of the heart

Answer 5

SA Node

Question 6

The ductus arteriosus in a fetus allows blood to flow

Answer 6

directly into the aorta from the pulmonary artery

Question 7

What wave on an EKG is atrial depolarization

Answer 7

P

Question 8

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 8

pulmonary vein

Question 9

The outer layer of the heart is known as the:

Answer 9

epicardium

Question 10

Which type of blood vessels has one-way valves in its lumen

Answer 10

veins

Question 11

Which camber of the heart send deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation when it contracts?

Answer 11

right ventricle

Question 12

Arterioles are

Answer 12

small muscular arteries

Question 13

What can be found in the mediastinum?

Answer 13

Aorta

Question 14

Device used to take doppler blood pressure is

Answer 14

sphygmomanometer

Question 15

The pulmonary circulation begins when deoxygenated blood passes through the ______ into the pulmonary circulation

Answer 15

right semilunar valve

Question 16

What initiates the contraction impulse in cardiac cells?

Answer 16

the sinoatrial node

Question 17

An abnormal heart sound is called a

Answer 17

murmur

Question 18

The largest vein is an animal’s body is the

Answer 18

vena cava

Question 19

How many layers of epithelium must oxygen pass through to leave the circulatory system?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

What type of muscle is found in the middle layer of a muscular artery’s wall

Answer 20

involuntary, nonstriated muscle

Question 21

The ventricles are located at the _______ of the heart

Answer 21

apex

Question 22

Which of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a horse?

Answer 22

mandibular artery

Question 23

The serosal membrane lining the surface of the heat is called:

Answer 23

visceral pericardium

Question 24

Elastic arteries are

Answer 24

closer to the heart

Question 25

Which valves produce the second heart sound when they snap shut?

Answer 25

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

Question 26

If there is decreased preload, what will happen to the stroke volume

Answer 26

stroke volume decreases

Question 27

Which valves produce the first heart sound (S1) when they snap shut?

Answer 27

mitral valve and tricuspid valve

Question 28

Deoxygenated blood coming from the myocardium through the coronary veins, empties into what structure to return for re-oxygenation?

Answer 28

Coronary Sinus

Question 29

Which one of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a cat?

Answer 29

femoral artery

Question 30

Which one of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a bovine?

Answer 30

coccygeal artery

Question 31

Compared to a large dog breed, a small dog breed has

Answer 31

a faster average heart rate

Question 32

Contraction of a cardiac myocyte occurs during:

Answer 32

depolarization

Question 33

Another name for the left semilunar valve is the

Answer 33

aortic valve

Question 34

Which of the following describes the relationship between stroke volume, cardiac output, and heart rate

Answer 34

CO= HR x SV

Question 35

Another name for the mitral valve is the

Answer 35

bicuspid valve

Question 36

Where in the circulatory system does gas and nutrient exchange with the tissues take place?

Answer 36

capillary beds

Question 37

Cardiac muscle can generate its own contractions and relaxation and is therefore called

Answer 37

autorhythmic muscle

Question 38

Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the heart at the

Answer 38

right atrium

Question 39

Which chamber of the heart accepts oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Answer 39

left atrium

Question 40

What valve separated the right atrium from the right ventricle

Answer 40

tricuspid valve

Question 41

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the two lungs. This space is called the

Answer 41

mediastinum

Question 42

Chordae tendineae connect the AV valves to the :

Answer 42

papillary muscles of the ventricles

Question 43

When a murmur is auscultated, what is heard?

Answer 43

Turbulent blood flow

Question 44

Which vein can be used for venipuncture in nearly all species of animals?

Answer 44

jugular vein

Question 45

The ductus arteriosis connects what two areas of the fetal heart

Answer 45

pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 46

What is the cranial border of the mediastinum

Answer 46

Thoracic inlet

Question 47

If there is deceased preload, what must happen to the heart rate to maintain cardiac output?

Answer 47

heart rate increases`

Question 48

The innermost lining of blood vessels is called

Answer 48

endothelium

Question 49

If there is increased afterload, what will happen to the stroke volume?

Answer 49

stroke volume decreases

Question 50

The foramen ovale in a fetus allows blood to flow

Answer 50

directly from the right atrium into the left atrium

Question 51

On an ECG reading of one cardiac cycle, the depolarization of the atria is represented by the

Answer 51

P wave

Question 52

The structure that makes up the primary cardiac conduction, in the order that the impulse travels through them, are the

Answer 52

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fiber system

Question 53

The two ions that are responsible for the initial repolarization of cardiac muscle as they travel from the inside of a muscle cell to the outside of the cell are

Answer 53

sodium and calcium ions

Question 54

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the

Answer 54

pericardium

Question 55

The interventricular spetum is a continuation of the

Answer 55

interatrial spetum

Question 56

Which chamber of the heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation when it contracts?

Answer 56

right ventricle

Question 57

Chordae tendinae are found in the

Answer 57

ventricles

Question 58

The outermost layer of the heart itslef is the

Answer 58

epicardium

Question 59

The volume of blood the ventricle receives from the atrium is the

Answer 59

Preload

Question 60

If stroke volume decreases, what must happen to heart rate to maintain cardiac output?

Answer 60

increase

Question 61

Which chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood to systemic circulation when it contracts?

Answer 61

left ventricle

Question 62

The two ions that are responsible for the initial depolarization of cardiac muscle as they travel from the outside of a muscle cell to the inside of the cell are

Answer 62

sodium and calcium ions

Question 63

The structures that make up the primary cardiac conduction, in the order that the impulse travels through them, are the

Answer 63

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fiber system

Question 64

The impulse to begin each heartbeat of the heart comes from the

Answer 64

sinoatrial node

Question 65

Which heart valve can be heard most clearly on the right side of an animals body?

Answer 65

tricuspid

Question 66

What is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over one minute?

Answer 66

Cardiac output

Question 67

Blood travels from the right ventricle, through the right semilunar valve to the

Answer 67

pulmonary artery

Question 68

During cardiac repolarization, what ion is moving from the extracellular space to the intracellular space?

Answer 68

K+

Question 69

Which wave is ventricular repolarization?

Answer 69

T wave