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Flashcards in Exam 4 Deck (42)
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1
Q

the procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that reduce the strength of that behavior

A

punishment

2
Q

any consequence of a behavior that decreases the strength of that behavior

A

punisher

3
Q

a punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the presentation of, or an increase in the intensity of, a stimulus

A

positive punishment

4
Q

a punishment procedure in which a behavior is followed by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus

A

negative punishment (or penalty training)

5
Q

the procedure of altering the environment to precent unwanted behavior from occuriring

A

response prevention

6
Q

a form of differential reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on the complete absence of a behavior for a period of time. Also called differential reinforcement of other behavior because some other behavior is necessarily reinforced

A

DR0 (differential reinforcement of zero responding)

7
Q

a form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior that is incompatible with an unwanted behavior is systematically reinforced

A

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

8
Q

a self-control technique consisting of doing something that physically prevents and undesirable behavior from occurring

A

physical restraint

9
Q

a self-control technique consisting of staying away from situations that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior

A

distancing

10
Q

a self-control technique consisting of keeping a tally of the number of times the behavior in question occurs

A

monitoring behavior

11
Q

a self-control technique in which a person tells others of his or her efforts to change his behavior

A

inform others of your goals

12
Q

the failure to escape an aversive following exposure to an inescapable aversive

A

learned helplessness

13
Q

an increased tendency to work hard for prolonged periods as a result of reinforcement of high levels of effort and persistence

A

learned industriousness

14
Q

any increase in the strength of behavior that is due to coincidental reinforcement

A

superstitious behavior

15
Q

a self-control technique consisting of doing something that physically prevents and undesirable behavior from occurring

A

physical restraint

16
Q

a self-control technique consisting of staying away from situations that are likely to elicit undesirable behavior

A

distancing

17
Q

a self-control technique consisting of keeping a tally of the number of times the behavior in question occurs

A

monitoring behavior

18
Q

a self-control technique in which a person tells others of his or her efforts to change his behavior

A

inform others of your goals

19
Q

the failure to escape an aversive following exposure to an inescapable aversive

A

learned helplessness

20
Q

an increased tendency to work hard for prolonged periods as a result of reinforcement of high levels of effort and persistence

A

learned industriousness

21
Q

any increase in the strength of behavior that is due to coincidental reinforcement

A

superstitious behavior

22
Q

an aversive is ADDED following a behavior and the behavior occurs less often as a result. Good old fashioned punishment. What most people think of as punishment–add an aversive to “punish” a behavior.

A

positive punishment

23
Q

also called penalty training; something positive is SUBTRACTED following a behavior and the behavior occurs less often as a result. Paying a fine, losing privileges, going to jail (lose freedom)

A

negative punishment

24
Q

the degree to which a punishing event is dependent on that behavior

A

contingency

25
Q

The greater the ______, the greater the suppression of behavior.

A

contingency

26
Q

the amount of delay

A

contiguity

27
Q

The longer the ______, the slower the learning

A

delay

28
Q

For maximum effect, punish behavior ______.

A

immediately

29
Q

One reason for ineffectiveness of criminal justice system is the _____ between the crime and the punishment

A

delay

30
Q

Very ____ punishers typically have little effect.

A

mild

31
Q

The greater the _____, the greater the suppression of behavior.

A

intensity

32
Q

Using an effective level of punishment from the beginning is VERY important

A

Introductory level of punishment

33
Q

If punishment is to be used, start with a punisher ______ enough to suppress the behavior dramatically.

A

intense

34
Q

A behavior may persist despite punishment due to the _________ that also is associated with the behavior.

A

reinforcement

35
Q

______ _____ may persist if there is no alternative way to obtain the reinforcement that maintained the behavior. Example: Hungry rats will continue to press a lever despite shocks if there is no other way for them to obtain food.

A

Punished behavior

36
Q

When the consequences of a behavior include both punishers and reinforcers, the level of _______ from the reinforcer will affect the behavior. Example: Hungry birds will peck a disk to get food even if they also get shocked.

A

deprivation

37
Q

Today, the two leading theories of punishment are:

A

Two Process Theory and One Process Theory

38
Q

Theory that says punishment involves both Pavlovian and operant procedures

A

Two Process Theory

39
Q

Theory of punishment that says only operant learning is involved. Punishment weakens behavior the same way reinforcement increases it. Punishment and reinforcement have symmetrical effects on behavior

A

One Process Theory

40
Q

Punishment works _____.

A

in the short run

41
Q

Punishment is used because it is _____ to the one that is doing the punishing.

A

reinforcing

42
Q

What is this alternative to punishment called:teach the dog to go lie down while you are eating do stop begging at the table

A

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior