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Psyc 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

five factor model of personality

A

(ocean) openness, conscientiousness, extra version, agreeableness, neuroticism

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2
Q

openness factor

A

open diverse behaviors, feelings, values and beliefs, complex, individual

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3
Q

conscientiousness factor

A

competent, orderly, dutiful, self-disciplines, efficient

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4
Q

extraversion factor

A

bold, energetic, excitement seeking, gregarious

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5
Q

agreeableness factor

A

trusting, straightforward, altruistic, sympathetic, compliant

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6
Q

neuroticism factor

A

anxious, angry, self-consciousness, impulsive, vulnerable

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7
Q

personological approach to personality

A

Personological and life story perspectives: need to focus on a person’s life history and story to understand personality

Study of the whole person

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8
Q

Life story approach to identity

A

Life story – unique memories make us who we are

Out story is our identity

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9
Q

social cognitive perspectives to personality

A

Social cognitive perspectives emphasize the role of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals

  • Learn behaviors through conditioning or observation (social)
  • What we think about a situation affects our behavior (cognitive)
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10
Q

Bandura’s social cognitive theory

A

Reciprocal determinism: mutual influential relationship

  • People can change their environment
  • Behavior, person factors, environment all connected
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11
Q

Reinforcement sensitivity theory

A

Behavioral activation system

  • Sensitive to environmental reward
  • Behavior: seek positive consequences/rewards
  • Personality trait: extraversion Behavioral inhibition system
  • Sensitive to environment punishment
  • Behavior: avoid negative consequences/punishment
  • Personality trait: neuroticism
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12
Q

neurotransmitter linked to extraversion

A

dopamine

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13
Q

neurotransmitter linked to neuroticism

A

serotonin

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14
Q

behavior genetics

A

Identical twins raised together about as similar as twins raised apart

Substantial role of genes in personality

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15
Q

Abnormal behavior

A

deviant, maladaptive, personally distressing

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16
Q

anxiety disorders

A

generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder

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17
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

free-floating anxiety, general tension, excessive worry, difficulty regulating sympathetic nervous system

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18
Q

social anxiety phobia

A

intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations

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19
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

obsessions - unwanted thoughts and compulsions - ritualistic responses and the intolerance of uncertainty
low levels of serotonin

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20
Q

Post-traumatic stress

A

traumatic even and the inability to cope after, intrusive thoughts, negative changes in mood, impulsive behavior

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21
Q

Major depressive disorder

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A

extreme sadness with episodes for at least 2 weeks
symptoms of less interested, weight change, sleep change, excessive agitation, fatigue
genetic and serotonin regulation problems

22
Q

bipolar disorder

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A

overactive, excessive speech, extremely high self-esteem, danger to self

23
Q

dissociative amnesia

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A

Extreme memory loss caused by extensive psychological stress

Typically retrograde amnesia that affects episodic memories

24
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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A 
Two or more distinct personalities 
- Unique mannerism, memories, and relationships 
Contributing factors 
- Severe abuse during childhood 
- Alternate personalities as protectors
25
schizophrenia
Severe disorders characterized by disorganized/delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions/behaviors Psychosis: losing contact with reality
26
Antisocial personality disorder
symptoms - Failure to conform to social norms or obey the law - Tendency to engage in impulsive, harmful behavior with a history of lacking remorse - Aggressive, clever, deceptive - Disregard for the rights/safety of others
27
borderline personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions Symptoms - Unstable affect - Unstable sense of self - Self-destructive and impulsive behavior - Shifts between idealization and devaluation in relationships Self-harm
28
contributing factors for antisocial personality disorder
Evidence of genetic predisposition Lessened brain activity in response to emotional stimuli Less frontal lobe activity
29
contributing factors for borderline personality disorder
Genetic predisposition Experience of childhood abuse Dysfunctional thought patterns
30
Approaches to treating psychological disorders
clinical psychology and psychotherapy
31
humanistic therapies
Goal – to promote growth toward achieving full potential Client-centered therapy Therapist provides supportive atmosphere, encourage client to gain insight Nondirective
32
behavior therapies
Goal – to replace or eliminate unwanted behaviors Helpful for treating disorders with specific behavior problems (phobias) Uses principles of learning Conditioning and social cognitive
33
exposure therapy
guided exposure to fear stimulus until anxiety subsides
34
systematic desensitization
gradually associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety- inducing stimuli
35
aversive therapy
repeated pairings of undesired behavior with an aversive stimuli to decrease positive association
36
behavior therapies: operant conditioning
shaping behavior by changing the consequences | use reward to reinforce adaptive behavior
37
cognitive therapies
Goal – to develop new, constructive ways of thinking Techniques – strategic questioning to reveal, challenge, and modify erroneous beliefs Self-instructional methods Teach client to modify their own behavior Use reinforcing self-statement
38
drug therapy
antidepressant drug ssri, antianxiety benzos and lithium, antipsychotic drugs to block dopamine receptors
39
biopsychosocial model
there are biological, psychological, and social factors all at play
40
theory of reasoned action
effective change requires | - specific intentions, positive attitudes, and perception that social group favor new behavior
41
theory of planned behavior
adds on to reasoned action and requires the individual to perception that their is control over the outcome
42
stages of change model
1. precontemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation/determination 4. action/willpower 5. maintenance
43
motivation for change
self-determination theory, intrinsic motivations, extrinsic factors (rewards), implementation intentions
44
self-determination theory
Competence – bring about desire outcomes Relatedness – engage warmly with others Autonomy – in control of our lives
45
social relationships and change
social support shows one is loved and valued and can lead to tangible assistance and recommendations
46
religion and change
``` Related to better health, longer life Social support Healthier behavior Sense of purpose Reduce negative effects of stress Person culture fit, positive relationship between faith and health/longevity - Only in highly religious nations ```
47
stress
The body's response to environmental stressors Stressors: circumstances and events that threaten individuals
48
stress and health
stress can cause strain on the immune system, is associated with cancer
49
successful stress coping
problem focused coping, emotion focused coping, personal qualities
50
problem focused coping
Coping strategy of facings troubles and trying to solve them Goals and implementation intentions E.G. Stress from interpersonal relationships -> counseling
51
emotion focused coping
Managing ones emotional reaction rather than the problem itself E.g. avoid stressor, deny there is a problem Not always most effective
52
stress management programs
Teaches individuals how to appraise stressful events, how to develop skills for coping with stress and how to use these skills in everyday life

Psyc 101 (4 decks)

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