exam 4 abdomen

Question 1

what nerves are blocked in a paravertebral nerve block in cattle? what is the ideal location to inject?

Answer 1

T13, L1 and L2

walk needle to caudal edge of transverse process because the injection will be near the intervertebral foramen

Question 2

vessels that supply the abdominal wall & their origins

Answer 2

cranial abdomen
phrenicoabdominal a. (aorta)
cranial superficial epigastric a. & cranial epigastric a. (internal thoracic a.)

caudal abdomen
deep circumflex iliac a. (aorta)
caudal superficial epigastric a. & caudal epigastric a. (external iliac a.)

Question 3

what lymph node is this

Answer 3

subiliac/prefemoral lymph node that drains body wall and part of rear

Question 4

what does the superficial inguinal lymph node drain

Answer 4

scrotal or mammary area

Question 5

lymph node in canine?

Answer 5

iliosacral lymph node

Question 6

pouches of the pelvic cavity

Answer 6

pararectal fossa
rectogenital pouch
vesicogenital pouch
vesicopubic pouch

Question 7

three major divisions of the esophagus

Answer 7

cervical esophagus
thoracic esophagus
abdominal esophagus

Question 8

functional sphincters at the oral and aboral ends of esophagus

Answer 8

oral “m.cricopharyngeus”
aboral “cardiac or lower esophageal sphincter”

Question 9

four most common sites for esophageal obstruction/choke

Answer 9

m.cricopharyngeus
thoracic inlet
heart base
esophageal hiatus

Question 10

innervation of the esophagus

Answer 10

vagus n.

Question 11

what are the components of the greater omentum and their subparts?

Answer 11

superficial leaf
deep leaf (gastrosplenic ligament)

Question 12

what are the components of the lesser omentum?

Answer 12

heptogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 13

what main branch supplies the stomach with arterial blood supply

Answer 13

celiac a.

Question 14

innervation to GI (stomach, SI, pancreas, liver, LI, rectum, anal canal) both parasympathetic and sympathetic and their activity

Answer 14

para: vagus n. –> increase gut motility/secretions

sym: splanchnic nn. from thoracolumbar region –> decrease gut motility/secretions

Question 15

innervation to the pelvic viscera, bot parasympathetic and sympathetic

Answer 15

para: pelvic n. from sacral region

sym: hypogastric n. from lumbar region

Question 16

mesenteric attachments to duodenum

Answer 16

mesoduodenam
hepatoduodenal lig.
duodenocolic lig.

Question 17

Name the structures that will be found in association with the root of the great mesentery.

Answer 17

mesojejunum
mesoileum
cranial mesenteric a. & v.
intestinal lymphatic vessels
mesenteric nerve plexus

Question 18

what side of the body can the liver be found in ruminants and equine?

Answer 18

the right side

Question 19

describe internal and external anal sphincters and their innervation

Answer 19

internal anal sphincter: smooth muscle, autonomic innervation via vagus n.

external anal sphincter: striated muscle, somatic innervation via caudal rectal n.

Question 20

muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

what happens if the viscera passes through the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 20

m.levator ani & m.coccygeus

perineal hernia

Question 21

distribution and function of
pudendal n.
caudal rectal n.
superficial perineal n.
deep perineal n.

Answer 21

pudendal n. –> motor, supplies genital mm and external anal sphincter

caudal rectal n. –> brr of pudendal to external anal sphincter

superficial perineal n. –> sensory to peritoneal region

deep perineal n. –> motor to urethral sphincter and mm of penis, sensory to anal canal

Question 22

Answer 22

ischiorectal fossa

Question 23

palpable organs in abdomen of dog

Answer 23

Diaphragm, kidneys, bladder, uterus, pelvis, spleen, liver, stomach, colon

Question 24

palpable per rectum in cattle

Answer 24

caudal rumen
left kidney
small intestine, cecum, colon as one mass