Flashcards in Exam 4; Cancer Chemotherapy Deck (58)
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1
What is the definition of neoplasia
uncontrolled growth of cells
2
What are three treatments of neoplasias
surgery
radiation
pharmacologic agents
3
Non-specific cancer agents act on what
all cell phases of replication and resting
4
Cell specific cancer agents act on what
all cell that are replicating rapidly
5
Cell specific cancer agents act on more defined sites like what
antimetabolites
mitotic spindle inhibitors
enzyme inhibitors
6
What is the broad scope of cell cycle non-specific agents
alkylating agents
7
What is the mechanism behind the alkylating non-specific agents
adding an alkyl group to DNA, causing DNA cross linking and inhibits cell replication and RNA synthesis
8
What is the mechanism behind cyclophosphamide
pro-drug given orally or IV
when it kits the cell/DNA it stops the cell from working
9
What type of drug is lomustine
pro-drug given IV; alkylating agent
10
What are some side effects of cisplatin
renal damage and ototoxicity
11
What type of drug is cisplatin
alkylating agent
12
What is the mechanism behind doxorubicin
inserts itself into DNA and blocks DNA and RNA synthesis
13
Doxorubicin and other rubicin's produce these
free radicals; can break DNA strands
14
Doxorubicin can cause this to occur
heart muscle degeneration (due to the free radicals)
15
How is doxorubicin given
IV
16
What is the mechanism behind dactinomycin
intercalates with DNA and interferes with mRNA synthesis
17
What is the mechanism behind bleomycin
intercalates with DNA and causes DNA strand breakage
18
What can result from bleomycin
pulmonary fibrosis
19
What is the mechanism behind cell cycle specific agents
block the specific enzymatic pathways in DNA synthesis; inhibit cell synthesis; ENZYME INHIBITORS
20
What is the mechanism behind methotrexate
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
21
Methotrexate can cause this to happen
myelosuppression (bone marrow)
22
What can be used to treat the side effect caused by methotrexate
giving leucovorin, which is a THFA analog; which can resume normal cells but not malignant
23
What is the mechanism behind 5-flurouracil
it inhibits thymidylate synthase; inhibit thymidine synthesis
24
What is the mechanism behind cytarabine
inhibits DNA polymerase
25
What type of drugs are 5-flurouracil and cytarabine
pyrimidine analogs
26
What is the mechanism behind 6-mercaptopurine
its converted to an analog that inhibits several enzymes needed for purine synthesis
27
What type of drugs are the pyrimidine and purine analogs
pro-drugs
28
What is the mechanism behind vincristine and vinblastine
binds to microtubules and blocks cell mitosis; given IV
29
What is the mechanism behind paclitaxel and the other "taxel's"
forms abnormal microtubules
30
