Exam 4 - Lecture 9

Question 1

Review the basic properties of RNA viruses

Answer 1

Viruses that have either a ssRNA or dsRNA genome and use viral RdRp to replicate their
genome
- genome is either linear or circular

Most replicate in the cytosol

Question 2

Reoviruses general
- What is special about their genomes and capsids?

Answer 2

segmented genomes enclosed in double icosahedral capsids

all are naked viruses, and some have glycoproteins embedded in the capsid (very rare)

Question 3

Reoviruses general
- How do they get into cells and why don’t they fully uncoat?

Answer 3

Enter via endocytosis and escape the endosome

They never fully uncut their genome because they don’t want their genome to activate dsRNA cellular immunity

Question 4

Reoviruses general
- What does the genome look like when it is packaged?
- Why is their budding process strange?

Answer 4

Initially package just +sense RNA into inner capsids, and makes the -sense strand inside the capsid

Some bud into the ER and obtain a temporary envelope that has glycoproteins, and keeps the glycoproteins that it acquires during this when it escapes from the membrane

Question 5

Reoviruses – rotavirus
- What do the virions look like?
- What disease does it cause?
- How is it transmitted and how contagious is it?

Answer 5

Virions look like wheels (rota = wheel)

Causes severe watery diarrhea, transmitted by the fecal-oral route (diarrhea releases virions into water sources, onto hands,
and onto objects, and those enter into another person’s mouth)

Highly contagious, with only 100 virions needed

Question 6

Reoviruses – rotavirus
- What causes the diarrhea?
- What functions does NSP4 have?

Answer 6

Diarrhea occurs as a result of viral-induced death of intestinal enterocytes, disruption of tight junctions, and combined effects of the viral enterotoxin NSP4

Question 7

Reoviruses – rotavirus
- What functions does NSP4 have?

Answer 7

NSP4 alters cytosolic Ca2+ levels which triggers the opening of Cl- channels in the PM
- also blocks reabsorption of glucose and water
- induces lactose intolerance

Question 8

Reoviruses – blue-tongue
- What disease does it produce (symptoms)?
- How is it transmitted?
- What cells do they infect and what happens to those cells?

Question 9

Reoviruses – blue-tongue
- What disease does it produce (symptoms)?
- How is it transmitted?
- What cells do they infect and what happens to those cells?

Question 10

Reoviruses – blue-tongue
- What disease does it produce (symptoms)?
- How is it transmitted?
- What cells do they infect and what happens to those cells?

Question 11

Know basics about + sense RNA viruses

Question 12

Picornaviruses
- Know its unique structural characteristics

Question 13

Picornaviruses - Poliovirus
- What is special about the virion itself?
- How is the virus transmitted?
- What types of symptoms are commonly/uncommonly seen?
- What types of paralysis occur as a result of infection?

Question 14

Picornaviruses - Poliovirus
- What is special about the virion itself?
- How is the virus transmitted?
- What types of symptoms are commonly/uncommonly seen?
- What types of paralysis occur as a result of infection?

Question 15

Picornaviruses - Poliovirus
- What is special about the virion itself?
- How is the virus transmitted?
- What types of symptoms are commonly/uncommonly seen?
- What types of paralysis occur as a result of infection?

Question 16

Picornaviruses - Poliovirus
- What is special about the virion itself?
- How is the virus transmitted?
- What types of symptoms are commonly/uncommonly seen?
- What types of paralysis occur as a result of infection?

Question 17

Picornaviruses - Poliovirus
- Understand its path from the mouth to the CNS

Question 18

Picornaviruses - Poliovirus
- What does the virus do in the CNS (what types of cells are targeted/destroyed)?

Question 19

Picornaviruses - Rhinoviruses
- What symptoms do they cause?
- Why are there so many serotypes?
- Understand its pathogenesis (cells targeted, what happens to them, role of the immune system, etc)

Question 20

Picornaviruses - Rhinoviruses
- What symptoms do they cause?
- Why are there so many serotypes?
- Understand its pathogenesis (cells targeted, what happens to them, role of the immune system, etc)

Question 21

Picornaviruses - Rhinoviruses
- What symptoms do they cause?
- Why are there so many serotypes?
- Understand its pathogenesis (cells targeted, what happens to them, role of the immune system, etc)

Question 22

Picornaviruses - HAV
- What disease does it cause and how is it transmitted? Is it chronic or acute?
- How does it get from the mouth to the liver?
- What does it do to the hepatocytes and what causes most of the tissue damage?

Question 23

Picornaviruses - HAV
- What disease does it cause and how is it transmitted? Is it chronic or acute?
- How does it get from the mouth to the liver?
- What does it do to the hepatocytes and what causes most of the tissue damage?

Question 24

Picornaviruses - HAV
- What disease does it cause and how is it transmitted? Is it chronic or acute?
- How does it get from the mouth to the liver?
- What does it do to the hepatocytes and what causes most of the tissue damage?

Question 25

Picornaviruses - FMD and HFMD
- Know the similarities and differences between the two viruses in terms of host, disease symptoms, transmission, etc.

Question 26

Picornaviruses - FMD and HFMD
- Know the similarities and differences between the two viruses in terms of host, disease symptoms, transmission, etc.

Question 27

Coronaviruses
- What do the virions look like?
- What general species are infected and what types of diseases do they cause?

Question 28

Coronaviruses
- What do the virions look like?
- What general species are infected and what types of diseases do they cause?

Question 29

Coronaviruses - SARS and MERS
- What are the disease symptoms and how are they transmitted?
- Where did MERS-CoV come from originally?

Question 30

Coronaviruses - SARS and MERS
- What are the disease symptoms and how are they transmitted?
- Where did MERS-CoV come from originally?

Question 31

Flaviviruses
- What are structural features of the virions and how are most transmitted?