Exam 4 Muscles Flashcards
(129 cards)
0
Q
What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?
A
Lateral condyle of tibia, gluteal tuberosity of femur
1
Q
What is the origin of gluteus maximus?
A
Illium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
2
Q
What is the innervation for gluteus maximus?
A
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
3
Q
What is the action for gluteus maximus?
A
extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
4
Q
What is the origin of gluteus medius?
A
external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
5
Q
What is the insertion of gluteus medius?
A
lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
6
Q
What is the innervation of gluteus medius?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
7
Q
What is the action of gluteus medius?
A
Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
8
Q
What is the origin of gluteus minimus?
A
external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
9
Q
What is the insertion of gluteus minimus?
A
anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
10
Q
What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
11
Q
What is the action of gluteus minimus?
A
abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
12
Q
What is the origin of tensor fasciae latae?
A
anterior superior iliac spine; anterior iliac crest
13
Q
What is the insertion of tensor fasciae latae?
A
lateral condyle of tibia
14
Q
What is the innervation of tensor fasciae latae?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
15
Q
What is the action of tensor fasciae latae?
A
flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint
16
Q
What is the innervation for gluteus medius, gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae?
A
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
17
Q
What is the origin of piriformis?
A
anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
18
Q
What is the insertion of piriformis?
A
superior border of greater trochanter of femur
19
Q
What is the innervation of piriformis?
A
branches of anterior rami of S1, S2
20
Q
What is the action for piriformis?
A
laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
21
Q
What is the origin of obturtor infernus?
A
pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane
22
Q
What is the insertion of obturator internus?
A
medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
23
Q
What is the innervation of obturator internus?
A
nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
24
What is the action of obturator internus?
laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
25
What is the origin of gemelli (superior and inferior)?
Superior: ischial spine
Inferior: ischial tuberosity
26
What is the insertion of gemelli (superior and inferior)?
medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
27
What is the innervation of gemelli (superior and inferior)?
superior: nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1
28
What is the action of gemelli (superior and inferior)?
laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
29
What is the origin of quadratus femoris?
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
30
What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?
quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
31
What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?
nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1
32
What is the action of quadratus femoris?
laterally rotates hip joint; also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis
33
What is the origin of pectineus?
superior ramus of pubis
34
What is the insertion of pectineus?
pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
35
What is the innervation of pectineus?
femoral nerve L2, L3
36
What is the action of pectineus?
adducts and flexes hip joint; assists with medial rotation of hip joint
37
What is the origin of sartorius?
ASIS, superior part of notch inferior to it
38
What is the insertion of sartorius?
superior part of medial surface of tibia
39
What is the innervation of sartorius?
femoral nerve L2, L3
40
What is the action of sartorius?
flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip joint; flexes knee joint
41
What is the origin of psoas major?
sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
42
What is the insertion of psoas major?
lesser trochanter of femur
43
What is the innervation of psoas major?
anterior rami of lumbar nerve L1, L2, L3
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What is the action of psoas major?
flex hip joint and stabilizes joint
45
What is the origin of iliacus?
iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
46
What is the insertion of iliacus?
tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, femur distal to it
47
What is the innervation of iliacus?
femoral nerve L2, L3
48
What is the action of iliacus?
flexes hip joint; stabilizes the hip joint
49
What is the origin of rectus femoris?
anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
50
What is quadriceps femoris?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
51
What is the origin of vastus lateralis?
greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
52
What is the origin of vastus medialis?
intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
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What is the origin of vastus intermedius?
anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
54
What is the insertion of quadriceps femoris?
via quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament
55
What is the innervation of quadriceps femoris?
femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
56
What is the action of quadriceps femoris?
extends knee joint
57
What is the origin of adductor longus?
body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
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What is the insertion of adductor longus?
middle third of linea aspera of femur
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What is the innervation of adductor longus?
obturator nerve L2, L3, L4
60
What is the action of adductor longus?
adducts hip joint
61
What is the origin of adductor brevis?
body and inferior ramus of pubis
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What is the insertion of adductor brevis?
pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
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What is the innervation of adductor brevis?
obturator nerve L2, L3, L4
64
What is the action of adductor brevis?
adducts hip joint
65
What is the origin of adductor magnus?
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
66
What is the insertion of adductor magnus?
adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar linne
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur
67
What is the innervation of adductor magnus?
adductor part: obturator L2, L3, L4
hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve L4
68
What is the action of adductor magnus?
adducts hip joint, flexes hip joint (adductor part), extends hip joint (hamstring part)
69
What is the origin of gracilis?
body and inferior ramus of pubis
70
What is the insertion of gracilis?
superior part of medial surface of tibia
71
What is the innervation of gracilis?
obturator nerve L2, L3
72
What is the action of the gracilis?
adducts hip joint; flexes knee joint and helps rotate it medially
73
What is the origin of obturator externus?
margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
74
What is the insertion of obturator externus?
trochanteric fossa of femur
75
What is the innervation of obturator externus?
obturator nerve L3, L4
76
What is the action of obturator externus?
laterally rotates hip joint; pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady
77
What is the origin of semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
ischial tuberosity
78
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
medial surface of superior part of tibia
79
What is the innervation for semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
80
What is the action of semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
extend hip joint, flex knee joint and rotate the leg medially when knee is flexed; can extend trunk when hip and knee are flexed
81
What is the insertion of semimembranosus?
posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
82
What is the origin of biceps femoris?
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
83
What is the insertion of biceps femoris?
lateral side of head of fibula
84
What is the innervation of biceps femoris?
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2
85
What is the action of biceps femoris?
Flexes knee joint and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends hip joint
86
What is the origin of tibialis anterior?
lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
87
What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?
medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
88
What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?
deep fibular nerve L4, L5
89
What is the action of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
90
What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?
middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
91
What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
92
What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum and fibularis tertius?
deep fibular nerve L5, S1
93
What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?
extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle
94
What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?
lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
95
What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?
middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
96
What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?
extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle
97
What is the origin of fibularis tertius?
inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
98
What is the insertion of fibularis tertius?
dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
99
What is the action of fibularis tertius?
dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot
100
What is the origin of fibularis longus?
head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
101
What is the insertion of fibularis longus?
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
102
What is the innervation of fibularis longus and brevis?
superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2
103
What is the action of fibularis longus and brevis?
evert foot; weakly plantarflex ankle, supports transverse arch of foot
104
What is the origin of fibularis brevis?
middle part of lateral surface of fibula
105
What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?
dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
106
What is the origin of the gastronemius? 2 heads
Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
107
What is the insertion of gastronemius, soleus and plantaris?
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneous tendon
108
What is the innervation for gastronemius, soleus and plantaris?
tibial nerve S1, S2
109
What is the action of gastronemius?
Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking, flexes knee joint
110
What is the origin of soleus?
Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia
111
What is the action of soleus?
plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on foot
112
What is the origin of plantaris?
inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament
113
What is the action of plantaris?
weakly assists gastronemius in plantarflexing ankle; proprioceptive mainly
114
What is the origin of popliteus?
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
115
What is the insertion of popliteus??
posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
116
What is the innervation of popliteus?
tibial nerve L4, L5, S1
117
What is the action of popliteus?
weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb
118
What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?
inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
119
What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?
base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
120
What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus?
tibial nerve S2, S3
121
What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?
flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
122
What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?
medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula
123
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?
bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits
124
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?
flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arches of foot
125
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
interosseous membrane, posterior surfaace of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula
126
What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?
primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also to cuneiforms; cuboid; bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
127
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve L4, L5
128
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
