Exam 4 Re-Do Flashcards
One idea for preventing learned helplessness is _____ training.
immunization
Your text describes the use of ____ to get a bull elephant to cooperate with having his feet trimmed.
shaping
Charles Madsen and his colleagues asked a teacher to _____. This change in teacher behavior produced a marked reduction in misconduct.
ignore misbehavior and praise students when they behaved well
Martin Seligman has argued that learned helplessness can provide a model for _____.
depression
Brad Alford’s study of the man who thought he was followed by a witch is an example of _______.
an ABA design experiment
Willpower is not a good explanation of behavior because _______.
the evidence for willpower is usually the behavior it is supposed to explain
The story of Ulysses and the Sirens illustrates the self-control technique known as _____.
physical restraint
Each of the following is a self-control technique except _______.
distortion
Punishers are defined by _____.
their effects on behavior
In Mary Boyle’s work with coma victims, the reinforcer was _____.
music
Of the following procedures, the one that reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior is ______.
DRI
When disciplining their son, Jacob, Mr. and Mrs. Grinch begin with an extremely mild form of punishment and gradually increase its strength if the offenses continue. This procedure is likely to result in ______.
the use of excessively strong aversives
Farmer Gable had a problem with motorcyclists riding across his meadow land, tearing up sod and frightening his cattle. He installed barbed wire fencing in the area and no longer had a problem. Gable’s approach is best described as an example of _____.
response prevention
Herrnstein proposed that once a superstitious behavior occurs, it may be maintained by _______.
adventitious reinforcement
Studies of learned helplessness use the ____ procedure.
escape training
William Verplanck’s work on the reinforcement of verbal behavior showed that _____.
what people say depends in part on the reactions of other people to what is said
Differential reinforcement is best used in combination with ______.
extinction
Each time Charles, who has a lisp, says “Mithithippi” or the like, his wife, Evelyn, yells, “Idiot!” However, there is no evidence that Evelyn’s efforts reduce the frequency of such mispronunciations have been effective. We can therefore conclude that ____.
Charles’ behavior has not been punished
Some studies show that offering rewards reduces creativity. Research by Robert Eisenberger and others suggests that this is because in these studies _____.
the rewards were not contingent on creative behavior
Hopkins and Conard found that when teachers made a few simple changes in how they taught, changes that included a shift from punishment to positive reinforcement, students advanced at _____ the normal rate in reading.
more than twice
David Camp and colleagues found that, compared to a two-second delay in punishment, a 30-second delay resulted in ____.
about half as much response suppression
John gives his dog, Alfie, a bit of food whenever it goes 30 seconds without barking. Gradually, John increases the amount of quiet time required to earn food until finally the dog will go for hours without a yap. The procedure John used is best described as ______.
differential reinforcement of zero responding
The word positive in positive punishment refers to the fact that _____.
something is added
The one-process theory of punishment goes back to ______.
Thorndike
