Exam 5

Question 1

What are the two types of reduction?

Answer 1

Asexual

Sexual

Question 2

What is asexual reproduction also known as?

Answer 2

mitosis

Question 3

what is sexual reproduction also known as?

Answer 3

meiosis

Question 4

define asexual reproduction

Answer 4

offspring are identical to the original cell/organism

inheritance of all genes from one parent

Question 5

define sexual reproduction

Answer 5

offspring are similar to parents but show variations in traits
inheritance from both parents

Question 6

define gene

Answer 6

unit of hereditary info consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 7

Define binary fission

Answer 7

dividing in half

Question 8

in what cells does binary fission occur?

Answer 8

prokaryotic cells

Question 9

in binary fission are cells identical or do they have variations?

Answer 9

they are identical daughter cellx

Question 10

what are the steps of binary fission?

Answer 10

1. the single cellular chromosome duplicates and copies and begins to separate
2. Cell elongates and continues to separate
3. the plasma membrane grows inward at the midpoint to divide the cells

Question 11

What are eukaryotic chromosomes composed of?

Answer 11

Chromatin

Question 12

What us chromatin made of?

Answer 12

DNA and proteins (histones)

Question 13

In chromatin what is the job of the two parts?

Answer 13

DNA: contains genetic information which directs body development and maintenance
Proteins: Help with support and control of gene activity

Question 14

Define Somatic Cells

Answer 14

All cells except sperm and eggs

Question 15

How many chromosomes are in humans?

Answer 15

46

23 pairs

Question 16

How many chromosomes does each somatic cell contain?

Answer 16

2: one from each parent (Homologous)

Question 17

Define Homologous

Answer 17

for every pair, there is one form mom and one from dad

Question 18

Define Diploid

Answer 18

A cell with two full sets of chromosomes

-Each pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell is considered to be a homologous chromosome set

Question 19

Which parent determines the gender of a baby?

Answer 19

the 23rd male sperm

Question 20

Define Cell Cycle

Answer 20

an ordered sequence of events for cell division of somatic cells

Question 21

What are the two phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 21

Interphase and Mitotic Phase

Question 22

What percent of the cell cycle are the two parts?

Answer 22

Interphase: 90%

Mitotic phase: 10%

Question 23

What happens during Interphase?

Answer 23

period of growth and preparation for cell division (duplication phase)

Question 24

What does G1 mean?

Answer 24

Growth, increase in cytoplasm

Question 25

What does S mean?

Answer 25

Duplication of chromosomes

Question 26

What does G2 mean?

Answer 26

Growth, preparation for division

Question 27

What happens in G1?

Answer 27

The first "GAP" where there is a growth of the cytoplasm

Question 28

What happens in S?

Answer 28

DNA is replicated, and the two copies of the chromosome and remain attached at the centromere

Question 29

Define Chromatids

Answer 29

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division

Question 30

What happens in G2?

Answer 30

The "second gap". The period after DNA is synthesized and before mitosis begins

Question 31

What are the phases of cell division?

Answer 31

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 32

What happens in mitosis?

Answer 32

Division of the nucleus

Question 33

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 33

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 34

What are the four phases of mitosis?

Answer 34

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 35

What happens in Prophase?

Answer 35

1. Chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes as DNA wraps around histones 2. Nuclear membrane begins to break down 3. Mitotic spindle forms

Question 36

What happens in Metaphase?

Answer 36

Chromosomes attach to mitotic spindles and form a line at the center of the cell

Question 37

What happens in Anaphase?

Answer 37

Sister chromatids of each chromosome begin to separate, splitting at the centromere. -(now separate and considered chromosomes)

Question 38

What happens in Telophase?

Answer 38

Nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes at each pole -mitotic spindle disassembles (end of splitting nucleus)

Question 39

What happens in Cytokinesis?

Answer 39

Cytoplasm divided into separate cells

Question 40

Define cleavage furrow

Answer 40

forms from a contracting ring of microfilaments

Question 41

What happens with cytokinesis in animal cells?

Answer 41

The cleavage furrow deepens to separate the contents into two cells

Question 42

What happens with cytokinesis in plant cells?

Answer 42

A cell plate forms in the middle from vesicles containing cell wall material dividing the contents into two cells