Flashcards in exam Deck (59):
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define psychology
The study of thoughts,feelings and behaviours,which are all heavily influenced by biology, past experience and cultural aspects
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APS
Australian Psychological Society
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Psychiatrist
Specialise in the diagnosis, prevention and study of mental disorders. Have a medieval degree and can prescribe medicine
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Psychologist
Evaluates and studies behaviour and mental processes. Not a doctor
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Hypothesis
A prediction, suggestion it educated guess about possible results of an experiment. Usually begins with the word 'that'
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Population
The group of people you are studying or researching
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Sample
A sub group of the population that represents the population. For example; studying a same of 100 people instead of the population of 1 million people
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Participant
A person (or animal) taking part in the study. They used to be called subjects but that is not ethically correct
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Random sampling
Every person In the population has an equal opportunity of being selected. Example; could be drawn out of a hat
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Stratified sampling
divide the population into groups called 'strata'. A sample is then drawn from the strata. Example of strata are state, age or gender.
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Variable
A factor or element that can change in observable and measurable ways. There are 3 major types of variable.
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Independent variable
The variable that is of interest to the researcher. The psychologists want to know whether the IV will cause an effect. Example; IV is usually a treatment being tested
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Dependent variable
The variable that is being measured and it is the response to the IV. Example; the participants response to the treatment
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Extraneous Variable
Out of your control, A nuisance. Example; and allergic reaction
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Control group
Group of participants who do not receive the IV. Baseline to compare those involved against
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Experimental group
Participants who receive the IV
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Experiment
Conducted in an environment under the control of researchers
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Natural observation
Psychologists observe people or animals in their natural habitat
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central nervous system
Made up of the brain and Spinal chord. It's main role is to process information delivers to it from the peripheral nervous system
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Peripheral nervous system
This consists of the outlying Neurons that deliver messages from sensory receptors and organs throughout the body to and from the CNS
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Motor neurons
Carry messages from the CNS to the Different parts of the body
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Sensory neurons
Carry messages form the sensory organs to the CNS
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Association neurons
Found only in the CNS and connect the motor and sensory neurons
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Neurotransmitters
The bodies natural chemical messengers that can alter the activity of neighbouring neurons
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Seratonin
Involved in sleep , arousal and the experience of emotions. Too little or too much can cause anxiety or sleep disorders
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Dopamine
Involved in voluntary movement, learning and thinking. Too little can relate to ADHD , too much is Schitz. I'm
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Learning
Moving information from short term to long term memory. The more we use that information, the stronger the memory .
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Hormones
The bodies chemical messengers, which have an effect on glands distributed throughout the body
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Pancreas
Produces insulin and glucose
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Thyroid
Regulates metabolism
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Adrenal gland
Produces adrenaline and prepares you for fight or flight
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Neuropsychology
aims to understand the relationship between the structure and function of the brain
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Cerebral spinal fluid
Suspends brain in the head, supplies brain with nutrients and protects brain form knocks to the head
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Brain damage
The affect of an injury to different parts of the Brain. It can have different affects based on what part of the brain was damaged
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REM
A period of time when your eyes move rapidly for short bursts at a time
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NREM
Heart rate and breathing are regular and slower than R.E.M. Sleep. NREM dreams are less frequent
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subjective experience
What we feel and label as an emotion
Example; anger
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Expressive behaviour
What others can see of how we feel
Example; facial expression and body language
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Physiological Arousal
Within our body
Example; heart rate and breathing patterns
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Emotion
A mind and bodies intergrated response to a stimulus of Some kind. Emotions involve physiological arousal, expressive behaviour and conscience experience
.
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Limbic system
Contains a number of structures in the brain that interact and probably involved in emotional experiences and behaviours
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Hypothalamus
Converts emotional stimuli into autonomic and endocrine responses. These are physiological and hormonal reactions
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Temperament
The inborn qualities that determine how well we interact with our environment
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Pseudoscience
A well established belief that had not changed in a long time such as astrology.
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Empirical evidence
Data gathered through investigation and experimentation.
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Ethical considerations
>no lasting harm
> confidentiality
> voluntary participation
> right to withdraw
> minimal deception
> debriefing
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Sensory memeory
What you see, hear, feel, smell and taste. Only lay a few seconds unless you pay attention to it
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Coding
Moving information from short term to long term
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Cerebellum
Part of the brain that is responsible for balance and movement
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Amygdala
Associated with the emotions of fear and anger. Plays a key role on our emotional responses
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Left brain hemisphere
> controls right side of body
> speaking and writing
> logical bought
> science
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Right brain hemisphere
> controls the left side of body
> solving puzzles
> reading maps
>creativity
> music appreciation
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Dendrites
Detect incoming messages form neighbouring nourons and send to the soma
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Psychoanalytic dream theory
yes dreams have meaning. FREUDS THEORY. Symbols are all very sexual and aggressive
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Problem solving theory
Dreams have meaning but don't Have to be analysed
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Activation synthesis dream theory
Dreams are meaningless. Neurons are randomly first done the brain stem and then the brain put memory's and past experiences into situations and
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Circadian rhythm
Roughly a 24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living Beings
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6 universal facial expressions
Happiness, sadness , anger , fear , disgust and suprise
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