Exam

Question 1

Enlightenment thought:

Answer 1

Escape from tutelage - use your own reason and you will arrive at knowledge
Knowledge is a priori - it exists and can be discovered if we use reason (knowledge independent of experience) - we can just decode history
Kant

Question 2

Nau on the need for the study AND practice of IR:

Answer 2

There is a divorce between the policy-making and scholarship, but they depend upon each other because neither can claim superior knowledge as neither is more objective

Question 3

Liberalism thinkers:

Answer 3

Locke social contract, Kant perpetual peace thesis (focus on re-election/people don’t want war)
Neo - Nye and Keohane - democratic peace thesis
Krasner/Gilpin/Keohane - hegemonic stability theory

Question 4

Liberalism - Prisoner’s dilemma game theory: framed by:

Two level game:

Answer 4

Flood and Dresher

Putnam

Question 5

Realism
Human nature/classical thinkers:
Neorealism/structural realism: thought, then two streams thinkers:

Answer 5

Hobbes (state of nature)/Machiavelli/Morgenthau (will to power)/ Carr /Niebuhr (love for power/fear of extinction)
System instability causes need for power for security, Waltz defensive realist (security is highest end in war state), Mearsheimer (revisionist/zero sum, anarchy)

Question 6

Constructivism thinker:

Answer 6

Wendt, Anarchy is what states make of it, power politics proved to not be the only order

Question 7

English School
International system:
International society:
World Society:
Bull's thoughts:

Answer 7

1. Hobbes/Machiavelli/realism anarchy and states seeking power
2. Grotius - shared norms, law, values, sovereignty
3. Kant, common humanity, community of individuals, non-state actors
   Defines a state like a realist, believes order secures goals of existence so is important, but MODERN anarchy is not only order by fear of supreme governance

Question 8

Gramsci:

Answer 8

Theory of cultural hegemony: interests are normalised by the dominant class.
Counter: war of position - propaganda and politics over throws it, war or movement: coup or counter-hegemony

Question 9

Marx thoughts:

Answer 9

Capitalism is exploitative and undemocratic, the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat, class derives from property and owner ship
Saw capitalism as a stage in history and communism as the next

Question 10

Post Colonialism
Orientalism:
‘Othering’ racial binaries:

Answer 10

Edward Said

Fanon

Question 11

Post Structuralism
Foucault:
Derrida:

Answer 11

‘regime of truth’ created by the elite actors - saw power like Marxists, as perpetuating the hierarchy of anarchy - genealogy
Deconstruction: Dismantle loyalty to binaries, question untruths again and the less of the twos