Exam - Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Jugular Venous Pressure (6) differences from Carotid Pulse

A
  1. Double impulse (if in sinus rhythm)
  2. Falls with inspiration, rises with expiration
  3. Not palpable
  4. Can be occluded by gentle finger pressure
  5. Varies with sitting up or lying down
  6. Increases with hepato-jugular reflux

6 features:
2 to see: (1 & 2)
2 to feel: (3 & 4)
2 to do: (5 & 6)

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2
Q

What should you suspect in fever + murmur?

A

Infective endocarditis

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3
Q

Common causes of “regularly irregular” pulse

A

Premature beats

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4
Q

What does high JVP indicate?

A

High RA Pressure

due to Cardiac Failure, Fluid Overload

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5
Q

When do you see single wave of JVP?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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6
Q

What is Kussmaul’s Sign?

A

JVP Rising with inspiration e.g. in constrictive pericarditis

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7
Q

When do you get a large a wave of JVP?

A

Stiff RV

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8
Q

When do you get a large v wave of JVP?

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

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9
Q

Character of carotid pulse in aortic stenosis

A

Small volume, late rise

specific but not sensitive

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10
Q

Character of carotid pulse in aortic regurgitation

A

High volume, rapid fall (collapsing)

sensitive but not specific

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11
Q

What can a carotid bruit tell you?

A

–Represents carotid narrowing

–But not sensitive or specific and poor predictor of TIA & stroke

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12
Q

When do you hear S3?

A

–Turbulence during early filling of the ventricle
–May be normal
–Dilated left ventricle
•Dilated Cardiomyopathy
•Volume overload: Mitral or Aortic Regurgitation

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13
Q

When do you hear S4?

A
–Turbulence during atrial contraction
–In stiff ventricle
•Hypertension
•Aortic Stenosis
•Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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