EXAM D

Question 1

name for vitamin B1?

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

A, D, E, and K

Question 3

Name for Vit. D?

Answer 3

calciferol, calcitriol, 1,25-dihydrocyvitamin D

Question 4

what is the name for vit. E?

Answer 4

tocopherol and tocotrienol

Question 5

what is the name for vit. K?

Answer 5

phytomenadione or vit. K hydroquinone

Question 6

what is B1?

Answer 6

thiamine

active form: thiamine pyrophosphate (TTP)

Question 7

what is B2?

Answer 7

riboflavin

active form: FMN/FMH2 or FAD/FADH2

Question 8

What is B3?

Answer 8

niacin

NAD+ or NADH or NADP+ NADPH

Question 9

What is B5?

Answer 9

panthothenic acid

active form panthenol

Question 10

what is B6?

Answer 10

pyridoxine

active form: pyridoxal phosphate

Question 11

What is B7?

Answer 11

biotin

Question 12

What is B9?

Answer 12

folate

active form: 5-Methyletrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) or folinic acid

Question 13

What is B12?

Answer 13

cobalamin

active form: cobamamide Methylcobalamin

Question 14

If a case involving a technologist is brought to court, the court must prove?

Answer 14

negligence according to new lab management first PP

Question 15

How should you measure precision?

Answer 15

Test three known elevated samples

Question 16

how will elevated thyroid (T4 and TSH) affect pregnancy?

Answer 16

-pregnancy and estrogen will increase T4 and TSH
-a normal pregnancy will have elevated T4 and normal TSH

Pregnancy: ⬆ estrogen → causes an ⬆ Thyroxine-Binding-Globulin (TBG) → causes an ⬆T4 activity but ⬇free T4 is seen (more hormones are bound to carrier protein)

Question 17

In Hyperthyroidism → TSH levels ___________ and Free T4 __________

Answer 17

decrease, increase

Question 18

In Pregnancy → TSH levels _______ and Free T4 _____.

Answer 18

normal-⬇

decreased

Question 19

___________ can also be used when differentiating pregnancy and instances of autoimmune Hyperthyroidism like Graves Disease.

Answer 19

Antibody assays

Question 20

________ Disease: most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (excessive production of TH and response of peripheral tissues to excess TH)

Answer 20

Graves

Question 21

Autoimmune production of an AB that resembles TSH → Inappropriate stimulation of thyroid gland → uncontrolled ⬆ in secretion of T4 and T3 → Hyperthyroidism

Answer 21

Graves Disease

Question 22

Beers law

Answer 22

unknown abs / standard absorbance

x STD conc.

*A = 2-log%T

Question 23

FTI =

Answer 23

(T3 uptake x T4)/100

Question 24

FTI measures unbound ______

Answer 24

TBG

Question 25

Free thyroxine index:

Answer 25

T4 x T3 uptake

Question 26

T3 uptake: measure of unbound TBG Since > 99.9% of TH is bound to ________→ any alteration in thyroid-binding proteins can frequently lead to total T4/T3 levels out of range.

Answer 26

protein

Question 27

Primary or Secondary hypothyroidism? thyroid secretes insufficient T3 and T4 ⬆ TSH and ⬇ T4 and T3 (+) autoantibody → Hashimotos

Answer 27

Primary

Question 28

Primary or Secondary hypothyroidism? Pituitary secretes insufficient TSH ⬇ TSH and ⬇ T4 and T3

Answer 28

secondary

Question 29

Addisons or cushings disease? Aldosterone ⬇ Cortisol ⬇ Na ⬇ Cl ⬇ Hb ⬇ Urinary steroids ⬇

Answer 29

Addison's

Question 30

Addisons or cushing’ disease? Aldosterone ⬆ Cortisol ⬆(no diurnal variation) Na ⬆ Cl ⬆ Glucose ⬆ (DM) Urinary steroids ⬆ “Buffalo hump”

Answer 30

Cushing's

Question 31

_______ is more sensitive than the other catecholamine metabolites like metanephrine and normetanephrine.

Answer 31

VMA*

Question 32

Catecholamines = ____ metabolite

Answer 32

VMA

Question 33

monoamine that contains catechol and amine side chain

Answer 33

Catecholamine

Question 34

Produces catecholamine by hydroxylation of _________ (eg. epinephrine or norepinephrine)

Answer 34

tyrosine

Question 35

Functions of Catecholamine?

Answer 35

Increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar

Question 36

What is the stimulus for catecholamines?

Answer 36

Released in response to pain and emotional disturbance Transported free in blood and regulated by feedback

Question 37

Metabolites of catecholamines: target →

Answer 37

metanephrine and normetanephrine → Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) (enzyme: monoamine oxidase; MAO)

Question 38

Cocain is metabolized by...

Answer 38

cholinesterase

Question 39

What are the metabolites of cocaine?

Answer 39

benzoylecgonine (measure pts) and ecgonine methyl ester

Question 40

Theophylline is a __________.

Answer 40

bronchodilator

Question 41

How to calculate coefficient variation

Answer 41

(std/mean) x 100

Question 42

A peak blood level of theophylline is 5 at peak level and is 4.6 at trough level. What is the most likely explanation of this result?

Answer 42

Blood for peak level was drawn too soon

Question 42

Patient has a history of miscarrage. The doc wants to find out how the fetus is doing. What is the best hormone to detect in the first trimester? -Esterone -Esterdiol -Estertriol

Answer 42

Estertriol

Question 43

Patient has hypertension and increased catecholamines, what could be the disorder?

Answer 43

Pheochromocytoma

Question 44

Catecholamine producing tumors arising from the chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

Answer 44

Pheochromocytoma

Question 45

Pheochromocytoma lead to the production and release of large quantities of...

Answer 45

catecholamine Symptoms: Headache, periodic sweating, hypertension

Question 46

Know which drugs is used to correct heart irregularities

Answer 46

Quininone (quinidine)

Question 47

After a drug was screened it goes to confirmation, What method would you do

Answer 47

HPLC with MS

Question 48

Schillings test =

Answer 48

pernicious anemia if intrinsic factor fixes problem

Question 49

proidone is prodrug of _________

Answer 49

phenobarbital

Question 50

who manages waived tests?

Answer 50

CLIA

Question 51

IF the patient has low cortisol and ACTH was given but the levels were still low what could be the cause?

Answer 51

Addisons

Question 52

Which method separated analytes based on media and their solubility?

Answer 52

Chromatography

Question 53

What is the purpose of nephelometry measuring at 90 degree angles

Answer 53

measure the size and number of scatter better… (light scatter)