EXAM II Flashcards
When was title IX enacted
1972
Title IX subsequent legislation
Equal opportunity in education act
It doesn’t single out sports, even though that is what it is best known for
What title IX proportionality means
states that the number of men and women on varsity teams should be proportionate to the overall number of men and women enrolled, with in 5 percent
What type of sports girls and women were expected to participate in pre- Title IX
Figure Skating
Gymnastics
Swimming
All considered feminine sports requiring grace, beauty and coordination were gradually excepted for women.
Reasons for the rise in women’s sports today
new opportunities government legislation women's movement health and fitness movement increased media coverage
Events leading to the rise of women’s sports in the 1990’s
Michael Jordan’s retirement in the 1990’s
MLB Strike
Uconn undefeated in 1994-95
Ucon/Tennessee Rivalry
Nike/women’s sports foundation AD campaign
Big business invest in womens sports
women win world cup soccer 1999
Results of Carpenter & Acosta
i. In 2012, 40 years after Title IX, there are an average of 8.73 women’s teams per school and a total of about 200,000 female intercollegiate athletes: the highest in history
ii. In 1970, before title IX in 1972 there were only 2.5 women women’s teams per school and only about 16,000 total Female Intercollegiate Athletes
iii. In 1977/1978, the academic year before the mandatory compliance date for Title XI, the number of varsity sports for Women had grown to 5.61 per school
iv. A decade later in 1988, the number had grown to 7.71 and at the turn of the century, the growth continued to 8.14
v. Today, in 2012, the average # of womens teams per school sets an all-time record of 8.72 giving weight to the adage: “if you build it, they will come”.
Benefits of girls participation
92% less likely to use drugs
80% less likely to get pregnant
3 times more likely to graduate from high school
80% chances she will: continue in sport/exercise past the age of 25, womens sports foundation
what sports women watch on television-MAJOR
NBA
MLB
NFL
NASCAR
What sports women watch on television
ii. More specifically, the big events from those leagues
iii. Three major sporting events for which female viewers outnumber males: the Kentucky Derby, the Winter Olympic Games, and the Summer Olympic Games.
iv. The Olympic Games has traditionally catered to a female auience, and much of the air time is taken up with women’s gymnastics, figure skating, and beach volleyball.
v. NASCAR: Second most-watched sport on TV after NFL, and 40% of the viewers are female.
o 47% of Major League Soccer fans, 46% of Major League Baseball fans, 45% of NFL fans, 40% of NFL fans, 46% of NBA fans.
what women’s sports men watch on television
WNBA 47% LPGA 58% WOMEN'S SOCCER 66% WOMENS TENNIS 42% WOMENS COLLEGE BASKETBALL 56%
most popular physical activity for women walking for fitness
dance
the former athlete who was most influential in breaking down stereotype about women athletes
billy jean king
ethnocentrism
the belief that one’s culture/race is superior
racism
belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of particular race
