Exam One

Question 1

according to a McKinsey Global Institute Report, in 2010 alone, global enterprises stored more than

Answer 1

7 million exabytes of data

Question 2

program-data independence, planned data redundancy, improved data consistency, improved data sharing, increased productivity of application development, enforcement of standards, improved data quality, improved data accessibility and responsiveness, reduced program maintenance, improved decision support

Answer 2

advantages of database approach

Question 3

legacy systems contain what data and are hosted where

Answer 3

poor, mainframes

Question 4

proof of concept time

Answer 4

1960s

Question 5

creating, updating, storing, and retrieving data from a database

Answer 5

primary purposes of a database management system

Question 6

iterative process of system development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continuously revised between analysts and users

Answer 6

prototyping

Question 7

individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, responding to change over following a plan

Answer 7

agile software development

Question 8

database that supports one user

Answer 8

personal database

Question 9

database that can include ERP

Answer 9

enterprise applications

Question 10

database that is multi-tiered client/server

Answer 10

departmental database

Question 11

failure to implement a strong database administrative function

Answer 11

most common source of database failures in organizations

Question 12

new specialized personnel, installation and management cost and complexity, conversion costs, need for explicit backup and recovery, organizational conflict

Answer 12

costs and risks of database approach

Question 13

software system that enables the use of a database approach

Answer 13

database management system

Question 14

organized collection of logically related data

Answer 14

database

Question 15

stored representation of objects and events that have meaning and importance in the user’s environment

Answer 15

data

Question 16

data that has been processed in such a way that the knowledge of the person who uses the data is increased

Answer 16

information

Question 17

data that describes properties or characteristics of data

Answer 17

metadata

Question 18

application program that is used to perform a series of database activities on behalf of database users

Answer 18

database applications

Question 19

program-data dependence, duplication of data, limited data sharing, lengthy development times, excessive program maintenance

Answer 19

disadvantages of file processing systems

Question 20

graphical systems used to capture the nature and relationships among data

Answer 20

data models

Question 21

a person, place, object, event, or concept in the business environment

Answer 21

entity

Question 22

establish the relationships between entities by means of common fields included in a logical structure called a relation

Answer 22

relational database

Question 23

detailed, well-planned development process, long, time-consuming but comprehensive, process measured by milestones

Answer 23

system development life cycle

Question 24

faster and more adaptive, especially when DB is in place already, embeds customer within the development process/collaboration

Answer 24

rapid application development

Question 25

user views, can be determined from business

Answer 25

external schema

Question 26

schema of developing entities

Answer 26

conceptual schema

Question 27

logical and physical schemas, inside of DB

Answer 27

internal schema

Question 28

detailed, logical representation of the data for a business

Answer 28

entity-relationship model

Question 29

statement that defines or constrains some aspect of the business

Answer 29

business rule

Question 30

declarative, precise, atomic, consistent, expressible, distinct, business-oriented

Answer 30

what business rules are

Question 31

collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics

Answer 31

entity type

Question 32

single occurrence of an entity type

Answer 32

entity instance

Question 33

attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely distinguishes each occurrence

Answer 33

identifier

Question 34

property or characteristics of an entity type that is of interest to the business

Answer 34

attribute

Question 35

meaningful association between or among entity type

Answer 35

relationship type

Question 36

association between or among entity instances, each relationship instance associates exactly one entity instances from each participating entity type

Answer 36

relationship instance

Question 37

entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types

Answer 37

associative entity

Question 38

number of instances of an entity that can or must be associated with each instance of another entity

Answer 38

cardinality constraint

Question 39

number of entity types that participate in a relationship

Answer 39

degree

Question 40

creating, updating, removing data

Answer 40

what business policies and rules govern

Question 41

business characteristics, meaningful, unique, readable, composed of words taken from an approved list, repeatable, standard syntax

Answer 41

what data names should be

Question 42

subgrouping of the entities in an entity type that is meaningful to a business

Answer 42

subtype

Question 43

generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes

Answer 43

supertype

Question 44

property by which subtype entities inherit values of all attributes and instance of all relationships of the supertype

Answer 44

attribute inheritance

Question 45

process of defining a more general entity type from a set of more specialized entity types, bottom-up

Answer 45

generalization

Question 46

process of defining one or more subtypes of the supertype and forming supertype/subtype relationships, top-down

Answer 46

specialization

Question 47

addresses supertype/subtype relationship

Answer 47

completeness constraint

Question 48

each entity instances of the supertype must be a member of some subtype in the relationship

Answer 48

total specialization

Question 49

an entity instances of the supertype is allowed to not belong to any subtype

Answer 49

partial specialization

Question 50

addresses whether an instance of a supertype may simultaneously be a member of two or more subtypes

Answer 50

disjointedness constraint

Question 51

if an entity instances (supertype) is a member of one subtype, it cannot simultaneously be a member of any other subtype

Answer 51

disjoint rule

Question 51

attribute of a supertype whose values determine target subtype

Answer 51

subtype discriminator

Question 51

an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two or more subtypes

Answer 51

overlap rule

Question 52

data descriptions being written into programming code

Answer 52

what program-data dependence is caused by

Question 52

a good data definition will describe all of the characteristics of a data object EXCEPT

Answer 52

who can delete data

Question 52

hierarchical arrangement of supertype and subtypes, where each subtype has only one supertype

Answer 52

supertype/subtype hierarchy