Exam One, Chapter One Flashcards
1
Q
*A circumscribed, elevated lesion that is MORE THAN 5 mm in diameter *Usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister
A
bulla
2
Q
*A segment or lobe that is part of a whole *These lobes sometimes appear fused together
A
lobule
3
Q
*An area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue *It is flat and does not protrude above the surface of the normal tissue EXAMPLE: FRECKLE
A
macule
4
Q
* A small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter *It is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue
A
papule
5
Q
Variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus
A
pustule
6
Q
A small, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that contains serous fluid
A
vesicle
7
Q
Attached by a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom
A
pedunculated
8
Q
Describes the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike
A
sessile
9
Q
*A palpable solid lesion up to 1 cm in diameter found in soft tissue *Can occur above, level with, or beneath the skin surface
A
nodule
10
Q
The evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area
A
palpation
11
Q
What are the descriptive terms for palpation?
A
soft, firm, semifirm, and fluid filled
12
Q
What are the most frequent colors of lesions?
A
red, pink, slamon, white, blue-black, gray, brown, and black
13
Q
An abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva
A
erythema
14
Q
A clinical term used to describe an oral lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or granular red and velvety patch. It is less common than leukoplakia
A
erythroplakia
15
Q
Paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues
A
pallor
16
Q
A clinical term for a white, plaquelike lesion on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease
A
leukoplakia
17
Q
what are the sizes of the lesions measured in?
A
cm or mm
18
Q
Wrinkled
A
corrugated
19
Q
a cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth
A
fissure
20
Q
resembling small, projections or elevations found in clusters
A
papillary
21
Q
What can the surface textures be on a lesion?
A
corrugated, fissured, papillary, smooth, rough, and folded
22
Q
The process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse to make one
A
coalescence
23
Q
Describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion
A
diffuse
24
Q
*Describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area *defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together “soap bubbles” radigraphically
A
Multilocular
25
Radiographically, the apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped. Occurs as a response to stimuli, like a cyst, tumor, or trauma
root resorption
26
Arises from tissue outside of the tooth, such as the periodontal ligament
external root resorption
27
\*triggered by pulpal tissue reaction from within the tooth \*The pulpal area can be seen as a diffuse radiolucency beyond the confines of the normal pulp area
internal root resorption
28
A radiolucent lesion that appears to extend up the periodontal ligament and between the roots
scalloping around the root
29
Having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined as in a simple radicular cyst
unilocular
30
used to described a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent
well circumscribed
31
Something that deviates form what is normal
anomaly
32
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
33
dysphonia
difficulty speaking
34
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
35
What is the brush test?
It is used to obtain information from oral mucosal epithelium. A circular brush is used to obtain cells from the full thickness of the epithelium.
36
Can a white lesion be diagnosed on the basis of clinical appearance alone?
NO
37
\*May appear as a radiolucency that scallops around the roots \*when the lesion is opened surgically, an empty void is found
Traumatic bone cyst
38
Surgical examination of the well-circumscribed, radiolucent area reveals salivary gland tissues entrapped during development
Lingual mandibular bone cavity (static bone cyst)
39
What are common conditions to be diagnosed by therapeutic means?
nutritional deficiencies
40
\*may be associated with a deficiency of B-complex vitamins \*most commonly a fungal condition and responds to topical application of an antifungal cream or ointment such as Nystatin
Anular cheilitis
41
Responds to hydrogen peroxide, very painful, and is stress induced
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
42
That point in the diagnostic process when the practitioner decides which test or procedure is required to rule out the conditions originally suspected and to establish the definitive or final diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
43
\*Clusters of ectopics sebaceous glands \*Appear as yellow lobules in clusters \*commonly observed on vermillion border f lips and buccal mucosa \*NO TREATMENT
fordyce granules
44
The pigment that gives color to skin, eyes, hair, mucosa, and gingiva. This is most commonly observed in dark-skinned individuals
Melanin pigmentation
45
\* A sessile nodule on the gingival margin of the lingual aspect of the mandibular cuspids \* Only a few mm in size \*observed more often in young \*Resolves with age
Retrocuspid papilla
46
\*red to purple enlarged vessels or clusters \*Usually observed on the ventral and lateral surfaces on the tongue \* Most commonly observed in ppl 60 and older
Lingual varicosities
47
\*A generilized opalescence on the buccal mucosa \*Most common in black adults \*If mucosa is stretched, it is less prominent \* NO TREATMENT
Leukoedema
48
Undescended, trapped remnant of thyroid tissue. A mass in the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae in the area of the foramen cecum. Usually a sessile base and is 2-3 cm in width
lingual thyroid
49
What is the predilection of lingual thyroid?
females and linked to hormonal changes
50
What is the treatment for lingual thyroid?
Evaluation of patient to see whether the thyroid gland is present in its normal location
51
What is the clinical appearance of median rhomboid glossitis?
Flat or slightly raises oval or rectangular erythematous area in the center of the tongue
52
May be associated with a chronic infection with Candida albicans. No treatment but antifungal treatment may be used
median rhomboid glossitis
53
what is the clinical appearance of erythema migrans?
Erythematous patches surrounded by a white or yellow border. Diffuse areas devoid of filiform papillae. Distinct presence of fungiform papillae. There appear to be remission and changes in the depapillated areas
54
Genetic factors may play a role in presence, may be caused by stress. Pt. may complain of burning discomfort. NO TREATMENT
Erythema migrans
55
Term used to describe "geographic tongue" found on mucosal surfaces other than tongue
ectopic geographic tongue
56
What is the clinical appearance of a fissured tongue?
The dorsal surface of the tongue appears to have deep fissures or grooves
57
What is a fissured tongue caused by?
Genetic factors, seen in about 5% of population
58
\*elongated filiform, papillae are white \* Caused by an increase in keratin production of a decrease in normal desquamation
white hairy tongue
59
Papillae are brown to black because of chromogenic bacteria
black hairy tongue
60
What are the contributing factors of black hairy tongue?
food, hydrogen peroxide, tobacco, alcohol, chemical rinses
61
Bulla
62
Lobulated torus palatinus
63
Macule
64
Papule
65
pustule
66
Vesicle
67
Pedunculated
68
Sessile
69
Erythroplakia
70
Leukoplakia
71
Corrugated
72
Fissured
73
Papillary
74
Multiocular
75
Root resorption
76
Scalloping around the root
77
Unilocular
78
Well circumscribed
79
Fordyce granules
80
Mandibular tori
81
Melanin pigmentation
82
Retrocuspid papilla
83
White/black hairy tongue
84
Amalgam tattoo
85
Internal root resporption
86
External root resorption
87
Calculus
88
Nutrient canals
89
Amelogenesis imperfecta
90
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
91
Skin graph
92
Traumatic bone cyst
93
Lingual mandibular bone cavity (static bone or Stafine bone cyst)
94
Angular chelitis
95
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
96
Torus palatinus
97
Lingual varicosities
98
Linea alba
99
Leukoedema
100
Median rhomboid glossitis
101
Erythema Migrans
102
Ectopic geographic tongue
103
After arriving at a differential diagnosis, information from which one of the following categories will best establish a final or definitive diagnosis?
A. Clinical
B. Historical
C. Microscopic
D. Radiographic
C. Microscopic
104
The descriptive term that would best be used for a freckle is a:
A. Bulla
B. Vesicle
C. Lobule
D. Macule
D. Macule
105
Which one of the following terms describe the base of a lesion that is stalklike?
A. Sessile
B. Lobule
C. Pedunculated
D. Macule
C. Pedunculated
106
Clinical diagnosis can be used to determine the final or definitive diagnosis of all of the following except:
A. Fordyce granules
B. Uneruped supernumerary teeth
C. Mandibular tori
D. Erythema migrans
B. Unerupted supernumerary teeth
107
Radiographic diagnosis would contribute to the definitive diagnosis of all of the following except:
A. Internal resorption
B. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
C. Odontoma
D. A retained deciduous tooth
B. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
108
To determine the prescence of blood dyscrasias, which one of the following would provide the most definitive information?
A. Lab blood tests
B. Bleeding during probing
C. Pallor of the gingiva and mucosa
D. Patient complain of weakness
A. Lab blood tests
109
When an antifungal ointment or cream is used to treat angular chelitis, which one of the following diagnositc categories is being used?
A. Clinical
B. Therapeutic
C. Laboratory
D. Differential
B. Therapeutic
110
Yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands commonly observed on the buccal mucosa and evaluated through clinical diagnosis are most likely:
A. Lipomas
B. Fibromas
C. Fordyce granules
D. Linea Alba
C. Fordyce granules
111
A slow-growing, bony hard, exophytic growth on the midline of the hard palate is developmental and hereditary in origin. The diagnosis is determined through clinical evaluation. You suspect:
A. Torus palatinus
B. Mixed tumor
C. Palatal cyst
D. Nasopalatine cyst
A. Torus palatinus
112
The "white line" observed clinically on the buccal mucosa that extends from anterior to posterior along the occlusal plane is:
A. Leukoedema
B. Leukoplakia
C. Linea alba
D. Lichen planus
C. Linea alba
113
Which one of the following occurs as an erythematous area, is devoid of filiform papillae, is oval to rectangular in shape, does not change its characterisitcs, and is located on the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue?
A. Median rhomboid glossitis
B. Erythema mirgrans
C. Fissured tongue
D. Lingual thyroid
A. Median rhomboid glossitis
114
Which one of the following diagnostic categories would the dental hygienist most easily apply to the preliminary evaluation of oral lesions?
A. Microscopic
B. Clinical
C. Therapeutic
D. Differential
B. Clinical
115
Which one of the following terms is most used to describe mandibular tori?
A. Bullous
B. Lobulated
C. Sessile
D. Pedunculated
B. Lobulated
116
The identification of which one of the following is not determined by clinical diagnosis?
A. Fordyce granules
B. Tori
C. Compound odontoma
D. Retrocuspid papilla
C. Compound odontoma
117
Another term for erythema migrans is?
Geographic tongue
118
What percentage of erythoplakia is diagnosed as severe epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma?
90%
119
What is the number of types of HPV?
More than 130
120
Which one of the following define leukoplakia?
A. Clinical
B. Histologic
C. Historical
D. Microscopic
D. Microscopic
121
Gingival enlargement is cause by which of the following groups of drugs?
A. Antiviral
B. Calcium channel blockers
C. Antibiotics
D. Hypersensitivity medications
B. Calcium channel blockers
122
The best way to determine whether lingual thyroid contains the patients functioning thyroid tissue is:
Thyroid scan
123
Retrocuspid papilla are found on the:
Lingual aspects of mandibular canines
124
The benign stratified squamous cell papilloma is considered low rish and is associated with which types of HPV?
6 and 11
125
The most common location for lingual thyroid is?
Between the foramen cecum and epiglottis
126
What are the characterisitcs of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
Black women
Vital teeth
Mid 30s
127
